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A-Level OCR A Chemistry - 6A Aromatic compounds > Reactions of benzene > Flashcards

Reactions of benzene Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

A reaction where a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make 1 saturated molecule

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2
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A reaction where an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom/group of atoms

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3
Q

What does benzene need to react?

A

A catalyst, as it doesnt react easily

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4
Q

What are the types of reactions benzene can do?

A

Bromination, chlorination, nitration, acylation and alkylation

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5
Q

What is the reactant for bromination?

A

Br2

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6
Q

What is the catalyst for bromination?

A

FeBr3

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7
Q

What is the 3 stage equation for bromination?

A

FeBr3 + Br2 -> FeBr3 + Br+
C6H6 + Br+ -> C6H5Br+
H+ + FeBr2 -> FeBr3 + HBr

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8
Q

What is the overall equation for bromination?

A

C6H6 + Br2 -> C6H5Br + HBr

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9
Q

What is the reactant for chlorination?

A

Cl2

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10
Q

What is the catalyst for chlorination?

A

AlCl3

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11
Q

What is the 3 stage equation for chlorination?

A

AlCl3 + Cl2 -> AlCl4- + Cl+
C6H6 + Cl+ -> C6H5Cl + H+
H+ + AlCl4 -> AlCl3 + HCl

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12
Q

What is the overall equation for chlorination?

A

C6H6 +Cl2 -> AlCl3 + HCl

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13
Q

What is the reactant for alkylation?

A

Any haloalkane

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14
Q

What is the catalyst for alkylation?

A

AlCl3 (Halogen carrier)

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15
Q

What is the 3 stage equation for alkylation?

A

AlCl3 + RCl -> AlCl4- + R+
C6H6 + R+ -> C6H6R + H+
H+ + AlCl4 -> AlCl3 + HCl

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16
Q

What is the overall equation for alkylation?

A

C6H6 + RCl -> C6H5R + HCl

17
Q

What is the reactant for acylation?

A

RCOCl (any acyl chloride)

18
Q

What is the catalyst for acylation?

A

AlCl3

19
Q

What is the 3 stage equation for acylation?

A

AlCl3 + RCOCl -> AlCl4- + RCO+
C6H6 + RCO+ -> C6H5COR + H+
H+ + AlCl4- -> AlCl3 + HCl

20
Q

What is the overall equation for acylation?

A

C6H6 + RCOCl -> C6H6COR + HCl

21
Q

What is the reactant for nitration?

A

Concentrated HNO3

22
Q

What is the catalyst for nitration?

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid

23
Q

What is the three stage equation for nitration?

A

HNO3 + H2SO4 -> NO2+ + HSO4- +H2O
C6H6 + NO2 + -> C6H5NO2 + H+
H+ + HSO4- -> H2SO4

24
Q

What is the overall equation for nitration?

A

C6H6 + HNO3 -> C6H5NO2 + H2O

A-Level OCR A Chemistry - 6A Aromatic compounds (6 decks)

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