Reactions of benzene Flashcards
What is an addition reaction?
A reaction where a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make 1 saturated molecule
What is a substitution reaction?
A reaction where an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom/group of atoms
What does benzene need to react?
A catalyst, as it doesnt react easily
What are the types of reactions benzene can do?
Bromination, chlorination, nitration, acylation and alkylation
What is the reactant for bromination?
Br2
What is the catalyst for bromination?
FeBr3
What is the 3 stage equation for bromination?
FeBr3 + Br2 -> FeBr4- + Br+
C6H6 + Br+ -> C6H5Br
H+ + FeBr4 -> FeBr3 + HBr
What is the overall equation for bromination?
C6H6 + Br2 -> C6H5Br + HBr
What is the reactant for chlorination?
Cl2
What is the catalyst for chlorination?
AlCl3
What is the 3 stage equation for chlorination?
AlCl3 + Cl2 -> AlCl4- + Cl+
C6H6 + Cl+ -> C6H5Cl + H+
H+ + AlCl4 -> AlCl3 + HCl
What is the overall equation for chlorination?
C6H6 +Cl2 -> AlCl3 + HCl
What is the reactant for alkylation?
Any haloalkane
What is the catalyst for alkylation?
AlCl3 (Halogen carrier)
What is the 3 stage equation for alkylation?
AlCl3 + RCl -> AlCl4- + R+
C6H6 + R+ -> C6H6R + H+
H+ + AlCl4 -> AlCl3 + HCl
What is the overall equation for alkylation?
C6H6 + RCl -> C6H5R + HCl
What is the reactant for acylation?
RCOCl (any acyl chloride)
What is the catalyst for acylation?
AlCl3
What is the 3 stage equation for acylation?
AlCl3 + RCOCl -> AlCl4- + RCO+
C6H6 + RCO+ -> C6H5COR + H+
H+ + AlCl4- -> AlCl3 + HCl
What is the overall equation for acylation?
C6H6 + RCOCl -> C6H6COR + HCl
What is the reactant for nitration?
Concentrated HNO3
What is the catalyst for nitration?
Concentrated sulfuric acid
What is the three stage equation for nitration?
HNO3 + H2SO4 -> NO2+ + HSO4- +H2O
C6H6 + NO2 + -> C6H5NO2 + H+
H+ + HSO4- -> H2SO4
What is the overall equation for nitration?
C6H6 + HNO3 -> C6H5NO2 + H2O
