Reactions Of Acids With Bases Flashcards
What is an exchange reaction?
When the first compound swaps an element with the second molecule during a reaction
What is a neutralisation reaction?
When an acid and a base react together to form a neutral substance
How do we use neutralisation reactions in industry?
To reduce the effects of chemical waste
What does adding a base to an acid do?
It raises the pH
What does adding an acid to a base do?
It lowers the pH
What is the pH of carbon dioxide?
Acid
What is the pH of sulphur dioxide?
Acid
What is the pH of a metal hydroxide?
Base
What is the pH of a metal carbonate?
Base
What happens when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?
A neutralisation reaction happens
What is produced during a reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
Water
A salt
How does one determine the type of salt created?
The metal in the metal oxide and the negative ion in the acid
How can soil become acidic?
From over use of fertilisers and decaying organic matter
What soil do plants grow best in?
pH 6.5-7
How do farmers neutralise the acidity of soil?
By adding limestone
How is acid rain formed?
When waste products (carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide) are released from factories into the air
These acidic gasses mix with the water vapour in the air and later falls to earth as acid rain
What countries are most affected by acid rain?
USA
Canada
India
China
How do governments try to deal with acid rain?
Putting a tax on factories that emit to many metal oxides
Where does the word hydroxide come from?
Hydrogen and oxygen
What is the elemental order of a hydroxide?
The metal
Then the Oxygen
Then the Hydrogen
What is the pH of a hydroxide?
Basic
What is an ion?
A molecule that stays together and bonds to things together
Why is the oxygen first in a hydroxide?
The oxygen is bonded to the metal and the hydrogen is bonded to the oxygen, but the hydrogen is not bonded to the metal
What is a salt?
A metal bonded with an ion
What is the pH of a metal carbonate?
Base
What is the general equation of an acid and a metal carbonate?
Acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
What is the pH of lime water?
Basic
How do you prove the presence of carbon dioxide?
Lime water turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide
What is a metal hydroxide?
A metal that has bonded to a hydroxide ion
What is another name for sodium hydroxide?
Caustic soda
What is caustic soda used for?
To make soap
To make drain cleaners
To make detergents
To make agricultural chemicals
How is a metal hydroxide formed?
When a metal reacts with water
What is lime water?
Calcium hydroxide
What is common table salt?
Sodium chloride
What is limestone?
Calcium carbonate
What is soda ash?
Sodium carbonate
What is limestone used for?
Building material
Chalk
What is soda ash used for?
Water softener in detergents
Can be used to remove grease, oil and wine stains
What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
Water is formed
Carbon dioxide is formed
A salt is formed
What type of reaction occurs between a metal hydroxide and an acid?
A neutralisation
What happens when carbon dioxide is bubbled through lime water?
It will form calcium hydroxide, which turns the water cloudy
