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Abi Science 2016 > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when a pushing and a pulling force are both exerted on an object?

A

It can twist

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2
Q

What is the scientific term for a twist?

A

Torsion

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3
Q

What can a force do?

A

It can affect motion
It can change the direction of the movement
It can change the shape of an object

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4
Q

How do you reduce the amount of force needed to move an object?

A

Reduce the amount of friction

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5
Q

What kind of relationship is there between friction and force?

A

Direct

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6
Q

What is compression?

A

When a pushing force is applied to both sides of an object

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7
Q

What is changing the shape of an object with forces called?

A

Deformation

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8
Q

How do forces affect motion?

A

Speed up
Slow down
Start
Stop

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9
Q

What is velocity?

A

The rate of change of the position of an object

The speed of the object and the direction it is moving

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10
Q

What is a constant velocity?

A

The same speed in the same direction

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11
Q

What is it called when an object is moving at the same speed?

A

Constant speed

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12
Q

What is it called when an object moves faster?

A

Acceleration

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13
Q

What is it called when an object slows down?

A

Negative acceleration

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14
Q

What is an agent of motion?

A

Something that applies a force to another object

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15
Q

What happens when a force is applied to an object?

A

The object will apply a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

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16
Q

What is the scientific word for strength?

A

Magnitude

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17
Q

What does it mean when a force is applied to an object and it does not move?

A

The object is applying a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

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18
Q

What happens when two forces are applied to one object?

A

They combine to make a net/overall force

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19
Q

When you draw force diagrams, what is important?

A

If a force has a greater magnitude, the arrow line showing the force will be longer

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20
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

When the net force is greater than 0N

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21
Q

What kinds of forces are there?

A

Contact forces

Non- contact /field forces

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22
Q

What are the three types of field forces?

A

Magnetic
Gravitational
Electric field

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23
Q

What is friction?

A

The force which opposes motion between substances as they rub against one another

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24
Q

How does friction act?

A

In the opposite direction of the object that is moving

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25
Q

What is normal force?

A

The force that pushes back on something that is resting on it

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26
Q

How does normal force act?

A

Perpendicularly to the object that is resting on the other object

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27
Q

What will the net force of an object sitting on a desk be?

A

0N

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28
Q

What is the relationship between your weight and mass?

A

Multiplied by 9.8

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29
Q

Which direction does friction act in?

A

90° to the force of gravity (weight)

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30
Q

What is a scientific term for weight?

A

Force of gravity

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31
Q

What surface creates more friction?

A

Rough

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32
Q

What is an applied force?

A

It moves an object in a specific direction

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33
Q

What is a force of friction?

A

Opposite direction to movement

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34
Q

What is a force of weight or a force of gravity?

A

Pulls objects towards an object that has gravity

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35
Q

What is the force of normal?

A

Solid surface pushes an object up

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36
Q

What is the definition of weight?

A

The effect of gravity on mass

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37
Q

What does friction depend on?

A

The type of surface on which an object is moving

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38
Q

What do you need to do to get an object to move?

A

Overcome the force of friction

Overcome the force of weight

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39
Q

How many Newtons is the force of gravity on Earth?

A

9,8

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40
Q

How do you write net force?

A

The value of the force
The measurement of the force (Newtons)
The direction of the force

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41
Q

What effect does friction have on the speed of a force?

A

More friction reduces the speed of an object

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42
Q

Is friction good or bad?

A

It depends on the situation

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43
Q

When is friction bad?

A

When it reduces speed

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44
Q

When is friction good?

A

It helps with grip

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45
Q

What are applied forces?

A

Friction
Normal
Tension
Compression

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46
Q

What kind of force is tension?

A

A pulling force

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47
Q

What kind of force is compression?

A

Pushing

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48
Q

What does a tension force do?

A

It changes the shape

It stretches an object

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49
Q

What does a compression force do?

A

Changes the shape

Squashes an object

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50
Q

What applied forces occur in a bridge?

A

Tension and compression

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51
Q

What does this formula stand for?

F=mxa

A

Force is equal to mass times acceleration

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52
Q

What is a field?

A

A field is a region in space where an object (with certain properties) will experience a force.

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53
Q

Can field forces touch the object on which they are exerting their force?

A

Yes

They do not have to be touching, but they still work when touching

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54
Q

What is the law of gravity?

A

Any object that has mass has gravity

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55
Q

What kind of relationship is there between gravity and mass?

A

Direct

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56
Q

What effect does distance have on field forces?

A

If an object is further away then the force will not be as strong

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57
Q

What are the factors of field forces?

A

Repulsion

Attraction

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58
Q

What are the factors of contact forces?

A

Push

Pull

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59
Q

What are the two sides of a magnet called?

A

Poles

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60
Q

What are the two poles of a magnet called?

A

North

South

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61
Q

What force does the North Pole of a magnet exert?

A

Repulsion

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62
Q

What force does the South Pole of a magnet exert?

A

One of attraction

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63
Q

What force does Fapplied act with?

A

Ffriction

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64
Q

How do Fn and Fg act?

A

Vertically

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65
Q

How do Fa and Ff work?

A

Horizontally (generally)

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66
Q

What does it mean when forces are balanced?

A

When two opposing forces ( Fapplied & Ffriction, Fravitational & FNormal) are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

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67
Q

How can Fapplied = Ffriction?

A

If an object is moving at a constant speed

68
Q

What kind of force is gravitational?

A

Field

Attraction

69
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or a pull on an object

70
Q

What are forces measured in?

A

Newtons (N)

71
Q

Why do we use Newtons to measure forces?

A

It is named after Sir Isaac Newton

72
Q

Who was Isaac Newton?

A

A mathematician and a physicist

He came up with the three laws of motion

73
Q

Where do we use forces?

A

In everything we do

74
Q

Give examples of how we use forces every single day of our lives?

A

Our muscles PULL on our bones to make us move
Our feet PUSH on the ground when we walk
We PUSH to open doors
We PULL our food up to our mouths

75
Q

What does pushing in solid objects do?

A

It makes them accelerate

76
Q

What does it mean when an object accelerates?

A

It gains more speed

77
Q

What is speed?

A

It describes how fast an object is moving

78
Q

What is the definition of acceleration?

A

It is a measure of how an object’s speed changes every second

79
Q

What is an agent of force?

A

The thing that applies a force

80
Q

How do forces act?

A

In pairs

81
Q

What happens to an object when the Fapplied is equal to the Ffriction?

A

The object will not move

82
Q

Which direction will an object move?

A

In the direction of the greater force

83
Q

What happens when an object exerts a force on another object?

A

The object pushes back

84
Q

What was Newton’s law about actions and reactions?

A

For every action, there is are action that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

85
Q

Can more than one force act on an object?

A

Yes

86
Q

What is net force?

A

The overall combined force exerted on an object

87
Q

How do we represent the forces acting on a body?

A

With free body diagrams

88
Q

How do we represent forces in a free body diagram?

A

With vectors (arrows)

89
Q

How do we represent bodies in free body diagrams?

A

With a dot

90
Q

How do we show magnitude in a free body diagram?

A

By the length of a vector

91
Q

What kind of force is gravity?

A

A force of attraction

92
Q

Where does gravity pull you?

A

Towards the CENTRE of the Earth

93
Q

What are the two factors that affect the magnitude of a gravitational force?

A

How close the objects are

The mass of the object

94
Q

What is weight actually measured in?

A

Newtons

95
Q

Why is weight not actually measured in kg?

A

Weight is the effect of gravity on an object

Not the mass in an object

96
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

Fw=mxg

97
Q

How do you measure a force?

A

With a spring balance

98
Q

How do Spring balances work?

A

According to Hooke’s Law

99
Q

What is Hooke’s Law?

A

It says that the distance that a spring moves from its resting position is directly proportional to the force that is exerted on the spring

100
Q

Give four examples of contact forces?

A

Force of compression
Force of tension
Force of friction
Force of normal

101
Q

What does friction do to an object?

A

It resists the movement of an object

102
Q

What is the relationship between friction and mass?

A

The greater the mass, the more magnitude the applied force will need to overcome the force of friction

103
Q

How do you move an object?

A

You apply a force greater than the force of friction

104
Q

What is tension?

A

When an applied force is transferred from one object to another e.g. When a person pulls a rope, which then has tension, the rope pulls the block

105
Q

What is the difference between tension and compression?

A

Tension pulls/stretches an object

Compression pushes/squashes

106
Q

What are compression forces?

A

Two forces acting on an object that are opposite in direction (towards one another)

107
Q

What are tension forces?

A

Two forces acting in opposite directions (pulling away from one another)

108
Q

Does repulsion push or pull an object?

A

Pushes away from itself

109
Q

Does attraction push or pull?

A

Pulls toward itself

110
Q

Where does gravity exist?

A

Between any two objects that have mass

111
Q

What relationship do gravity and mass have?

A

Direct

The greater the mass the greater the gravity

112
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object

113
Q

Is weight constant?

A

No

114
Q

Why isn’t weight constant?

A

Mass can change

The magnitude of the force of gravity can change

115
Q

What is an object on free fall?

A

An object that only has the force of gravity acting on it

116
Q

What are magnets?

A

Objects that have a strong magnetic pull

117
Q

What do all magnets have?

A

A North Pole and a South Pole

118
Q

What are magnetic materials?

A

Materials that are attracted to magnets

119
Q

What are the magnetic materials?

A

Iron
Nickel
Cobalt

120
Q

What forces do like poles exert on each other?

A

Repulsion

121
Q

What forces do unlike poles exert on each other?

A

Attraction

122
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

The space around a magnet in which it can exert a force

123
Q

What are field lines?

A

Lines in a diagram that represent a force field

124
Q

How are strong force fields represented?

A

With field lines that are close together

The more field lines there are, the greater the magnitude of the force

125
Q

Which way do field lines on a magnet go?

A

From North to South
Away from North
Towards South

126
Q

Does the Earth have a magnetic field?

A

Yes

127
Q

What is the magnetic field of the Earth like?

A

There is a North and a South Pole, just like a bar magnet

128
Q

Where is the magnetic North Pole of the Earth?

A

At the South Pole

129
Q

Where is the magnetic South Pole of the Earth?

A

At the North Pole

130
Q

How do compasses work?

A

They respond to the Earth’s magnetic field

131
Q

What are ferrofluids?

A

Liquids that can become magnetised in the presence of a strong magnetic field

132
Q

What causes the Northern lights?

A

Charged particles (from the sun) that escape the belts (areas in Earth’s atmosphere that occur because of the magnetic field) and spiral towards the magnetic poles. They then interact with gas particles and cause light shows

133
Q

What causes static electricity?

A

Friction between two objects which are being moved

134
Q

What can friction between two surfaces cause?

A

Electrons to be transferred

135
Q

What can happen when electrons jump from one surface to another?

A

The surfaces’ charges could change

136
Q

What is the type of charge is in a proton?

A

Proton

137
Q

How are electrons charged?

A

Negatively

138
Q

Where are electrons positioned in an atom?

A

Around the nucleus

139
Q

What is the nucleus made up of?

A

Protons and neutrons

140
Q

How are neutrons charged?

A

They have no charge

141
Q

How is an atom held together?

A

By electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged protons

142
Q

How can atoms be neutral?

A

If the amount of protons and electrons is balanced

143
Q

When is an object negatively charged?

A

When it has more electrons than protons

144
Q

When is an object positively charged?

A

When it has less electrons than protons

145
Q

What causes an electrostatic force of repulsion?

A

When two objects with like charges are brought close together

146
Q

What causes an electrostatic force of attraction?

A

When like charges are brought close to each other

147
Q

What affects the magnitude of an electrostatic force?

A

Objects that are closer have a greater force

Objects that are more charged have a stronger force

148
Q

What is an electrostatic discharge?

A

When extra electrons jump from a negatively charged object to a positively charged object, to balance the charges

149
Q

What is lightning?

A

An electrostatic discharge between the clouds and the ground

150
Q

Who are clouds charged?

A

Negative on the bottom

Positive on the top

151
Q

What is thunder?

A

The sound released during the discharge of electrons from a cloud to the ground

152
Q

What causes the difference of charges in a cloud?

A

Friction between particles in the cloud

153
Q

What is the action? (According to Newton’s law)

A

The force acting on the object

154
Q

What is the reaction? (According to Newton’s law)

A

The force that the object exerts back in the opposite direction. It will be equal in magnitude

155
Q

How many forces can act on an object?

A

More than one

156
Q

What are contact forces?

A

forces that act when objects are in contact (touching) with each
other

157
Q

Does mass change depending on where you are?

A

No

158
Q

Does weight change depending on where you are?

A

Yes. If where you are has a different gravitational force, your weight will change

159
Q

Can magnets work through substances?

A

Yes, if it is a strong enough magnet

160
Q

What is free-fall?

A

When the only force acting on an object is gravitational

161
Q

Why do astronauts float when in free fall?

A

Because they are in a spaceship, which is moving at the same speed that they are

162
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mix of more than one metal

163
Q

What is the relationship between Fapplied and Fweight?

A

Direct

The greater the mass of something the greater the magnitude of force applied to cause motion

163
Q

What do you need to remember about drawing free body diagrams?

A

Do not draw the object

Just draw a small circle in the centre

163
Q

What are vectors?

A

Arrows

163
Q

How does the force of normal compare to the force of gravity?

A

They are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

163
Q

What force does FNormal act with?

A

Fgravitational

Fweight

Abi Science 2016 (16 decks)

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