Reactions Equations Flashcards
What is the combustion reaction for alkanes?
Alkane + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
Excess Oxygen
What is the process for free radical substitution of alkanes?
Alkane + Halogen in UV Light -> Halogenoalkane
Free Radical Substitution
What is the nucleophilic substitution reaction for halogenoalkanes with OH-?
Halogenoalkane + NaOH -> Alcohol + Halide Ion
Heat under reflux, Aqueous
What is the nucleophilic substitution reaction for halogenoalkanes with CN-?
Halogenoalkane + NaCN/KCN -> Nitrile + Halide Ion
Heat under reflux, Ethanolic
What is the nucleophilic substitution reaction for halogenoalkanes with NH3?
Halogenoalkane + NH3 -> Amine + Ammonium Halide Salt
Heat, Ethanolic
What is the substitution and elimination reaction for halogenoalkanes with OH-?
Halogenoalkane + KOH -> Alcohol + Alkene
Heat under reflux, Ethanolic or Aqueous
What is the electrophilic addition reaction for alkenes with HBr?
Alkene + HBr -> Bromoalkane
HBr Gas or Concentrated HBr
What is the electrophilic addition reaction for alkenes with Br2?
Alkene + Br2 -> Dibromoalkane
Bromine Liquid or Bromine Water
What is the hydration reaction for alkenes?
Alkene + H2O(g) -> Alcohol
Heat, Phosphoric Acid Catalyst
What is the hydrogenation reaction for alkenes?
Alkene + H2 -> Alkane
150°C, Nickel Catalyst
What is the oxidation reaction for alkenes to form diols?
Alkene + KMnO4 (dilute) -> Diol
Cold, Acidic
What is the oxidation reaction for alkenes that breaks the C=C bond?
Alkene + KMnO4 (conc.) -> Two Carbonyl Molecules
Hot, Acidic
What is the addition polymerisation reaction for alkenes?
Alkene -> Poly(alkene)
Addition Polymerisation
What is the oxidation reaction for alcohols?
Alcohol + Cr2O7^2-/H+ -> Aldehyde/Ketone/Carboxylic Acid
Heat, H2SO4
What is the halogenation reaction for alcohols with PCl5?
Alcohol + PCl5 -> Chloroalkane + HCl
No Water Present
What is the halogenation reaction for alcohols with KBr?
Alcohol + KBr + H2SO4 -> Bromoalkane
Warm, Distillation
What is the elimination reaction for alcohols?
Alcohol -> Alkene
Heat, H2SO4 or H3PO4
What is the reaction of alcohols with sodium?
Alcohol + Na -> Alkoxide + Na+
-
What is the reduction reaction for aldehydes?
Aldehyde + NaBH4 -> Primary Alcohol
-
What is the reduction reaction for ketones?
Ketone + NaBH4 -> Secondary Alcohol
-
What is the formation reaction for hydroxynitriles?
Carbonyl + KCN (acidic) -> Hydroxynitrile
-
What is the reduction reaction for carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic Acid + LiAlH4 -> Primary Alcohol
Dry Ether
What is the esterification reaction for esters?
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol -> Ester
Heat, H2SO4 Catalyst
What is the hydrolysis reaction for esters?
Ester -> Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol
Warm, Aqueous (Acid or Alkali)
