Reaction Conditions

Question 1

Alkene → Alkane (Hydrogenation)

Answer 1

H₂(g), Pt/Ni catalyst, heat

Question 2

Alkane → Shorter Alkanes + Alkenes (Cracking)

Answer 2

Heat with Al₂O₃

Question 3

Alkane → CO₂ + H₂O (Complete Combustion)

Answer 3

Excess O₂

Question 4

Alkane → CO + C (Incomplete Combustion)

Answer 4

Limited O₂

Question 5

Alkane → Halogenoalkane (Free Radical Substitution)

Answer 5

Cl₂ or Br₂, UV light

Question 6

Halogenoalkane → Alkene (Elimination)

Answer 6

Ethanolic NaOH, heat

Question 7

Alcohol → Alkene (Dehydration)

Answer 7

Heated catalyst (Al₂O₃) or conc. H₂SO₄

Question 8

Alkene → Alkane (Hydrogenation)

Answer 8

H₂(g), Pt/Ni catalyst, heat

Question 9

Alkene → Alcohol (Hydration)

Answer 9

Steam, H₃PO₄ catalyst, heat

Question 10

Alkene → Halogenoalkane (Electrophilic Addition)

Answer 10

HX(g), room temperature

Question 11

Alkene → Dihalogenoalkane (Electrophilic Addition)

Answer 11

X₂ (e.g., Br₂)

Question 12

Alkene → Diol (Oxidation)

Answer 12

Cold dilute acidified KMnO₄

Question 13

Alkene → Carbonyl Compounds (Oxidation)

Answer 13

Hot concentrated acidified KMnO₄

Question 14

Alkene → Polymer (Addition Polymerisation)

Answer 14

Polymerisation conditions

Question 15

Alcohol → Halogenoalkane (Substitution)

Answer 15

HX(g), KCl + conc. H₂SO₄, or SOCl₂

Question 16

Alcohol → Aldehyde (Oxidation)

Answer 16

Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇, distillation

Question 17

Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid (Oxidation)

Answer 17

Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇, reflux

Question 18

Aldehyde → Primary Alcohol (Reduction)

Answer 18

NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄

Question 19

Ketone → Secondary Alcohol (Reduction)

Answer 19

NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄

Question 20

Aldehyde/Ketone → Hydroxynitrile (Nucleophilic Addition)

Answer 20

HCN, KCN catalyst, heat

Question 21

Carboxylic Acid → Primary Alcohol (Reduction)

Answer 21

LiAlH₄, dry ether

Question 22

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol → Ester (Esterification)

Answer 22

Conc. H₂SO₄, heat under reflux

Question 23

Ester → Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol (Hydrolysis)

Answer 23

Dilute acid or alkali, heat

Question 24

Halogenoalkane → Alcohol (Nucleophilic Substitution)

Answer 24

NaOH(aq), heat

Question 25

Halogenoalkane → Nitrile (Nucleophilic Substitution)

Answer 25

KCN, ethanol, heat

Question 26

Halogenoalkane → Amine (Nucleophilic Substitution)

Answer 26

NH₃, ethanol, heat under pressure

Question 27

Nitrile → Carboxylic Acid (Hydrolysis)

Answer 27

Dilute acid or alkali, heat under reflux