Organic Tests Flashcards
Test for Alkenes
Add bromine water. Positive: Orange to colorless. Negative: No color change.
Test for Alkenes oxidation
Add cold dilute acidified KMnO₄. Positive: Purple to colorless. Negative: No color change.
Test for Halogenoalkanes
Add aqueous AgNO₃ in ethanol. Positive: White (Cl⁻), Cream (Br⁻), Yellow (I⁻) precipitate. Negative: No precipitate.
Test for Alcohols
Add PCl₅. Positive: Misty white fumes (HCl gas). Negative: No fumes.
Test for Alcohols (Sodium)
Add sodium metal. Positive: Effervescence (H₂ gas). Negative: No reaction.
Test for Alcohols (Oxidation)
Add acidified K₂Cr₂O₇, heat. Positive: Orange to green (Primary/Secondary Alcohols). Negative: No color change (Tertiary Alcohols).
Test for Carbonyl Compounds
Add 2,4-DNPH. Positive: Orange precipitate. Negative: No precipitate.
Test for Aldehydes (Tollens’ Test)
Add Tollens’ reagent, heat. Positive: Silver mirror forms. Negative: No reaction.
Test for Aldehydes (Fehling’s Test)
Add Fehling’s solution, heat. Positive: Brick-red precipitate. Negative: No reaction.
Test for Ketones
Use Tollens’ or Fehling’s reagent. Positive: No reaction. Negative: Confirms ketone.
Test for CH₃CO- Group (Iodoform Test)
Add alkaline I₂ (aq). Positive: Yellow precipitate (CHI₃). Negative: No precipitate.
Test for Carboxylic Acids (Metal Reaction)
Add reactive metal (Mg, Zn). Positive: Effervescence (H₂ gas). Negative: No reaction.
Test for Carboxylic Acids (Carbonate Reaction)
Add Na₂CO₃ or NaHCO₃. Positive: Effervescence (CO₂ gas, turns limewater cloudy). Negative: No reaction.
Test for Carboxylate Ions
Add NaOH. Positive: Salt formation. Negative: No reaction.
Test for Esters
Heat with dilute acid/alkali. Positive: Fruity smell. Negative: No smell.
Test for Nitriles
Heat with dilute acid/alkali. Positive: Forms carboxylic acid + ammonium salt. Negative: No reaction.
