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0 - Chemistry > Reactions & Conditions > Flashcards

Reactions & Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the conditions for manufacturing methanol?

What is the equation?

A
  • 400°C
  • 10 MPa
  • Chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) catalyst
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2
Q

What are the conditions for the manufacture of ethanol? (hydration of ethene)

What is the equation?

A
  • 330°C
  • 7 MPa
  • Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) catalyst
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3
Q

What are the conditions for the manufacture of ammonia? (Haber process)

What is the equation?

A
  • 400°C
  • 20 Mpa
  • Iron catalyst
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4
Q

What is the reaction of chlorine and water?

A
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5
Q

What is the reaction between chlorine and sodium hydroxide?

A
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6
Q

When reacting hydroxide ions with a haloalkane:

  1. What are the conditions for substition?
  2. What are the products?
  3. What does the ion act as?
A
  1. Aqueous, room temperature
  2. Alcohol & halide ion
  3. Nucleophile
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7
Q

When reacting hydroxide ions with a haloalkane:

  1. What are the conditions for elimination?
  2. What are the products?
  3. What does the ion act as?
A
  1. Ethanolic, hot, conc. OH-
  2. Alkene, halide ion & water
  3. Base
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8
Q

What are the conditions for fermentation?

A
  • 25°C < T < 42°C
  • Anaerobic
  • Yeast present
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9
Q

What is the standard pressure value?

A

100 kPa

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10
Q

Why would higher temperatures be used even though it decreases yield?

A
  • To increase the rate of reaction
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11
Q

Why would lower pressures be used even though it decreases yield?

A
  • Less electrical pumping costs
  • Use of lower pressure equipment
  • Uses less expensive equipment
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12
Q

What are the products when chloride ions react with sulphuric acid?

What is observed?

A

Products:

  1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Observations:

  1. White fumes
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13
Q

What are the products when bromide ions react with sulphuric acid?

What is observed?

A

Products:

  1. Hydrogen bromide (HBr)
  2. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
  3. Bromine (Br2)

Observations:

  1. Steamy fumes
  2. Pungent colourless gas
  3. Red/brown fumes
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14
Q

What are the products when iodide ions react with sulphuric acid?

What is observed?

A

Products:

  1. Hydrogen iodide (HI)
  2. Sulphur dioxide/solid sulphur/hydrogen sulphide (SO2/S/H2S)
  3. Iodine (I2)

Observations:

  1. Steamy fumes
  2. Pungent colourless gas/yellow solid/smelly of rotten eggs
  3. Purple fumes
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15
Q

What are the conditions requred for dynamic equilibrium to be established?

A
  • Closed system
  • Reversible reaction
  • Constant temperature
  • Constant pressure
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16
Q

Other than sodium chloride (NaCl), give the name of the other chlorine containing compound when chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide.

A

Sodium chlorate (I)

NaClO

17
Q

Give a large-scale application of chlorine.

A

Sterilise water

0 - Chemistry (11 decks)

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