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0 - Chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: Enthalpy change

Give the symbol

A

Heat energy change measured under conditions of constant pressure.

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2
Q

Define: Standard enthalpy of combustion

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is burnt completely in oxygen in standard conditions. All reactants and products are in their standard states.

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3
Q

Define: Standard enthalpy of formation

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in standard conditions. All products and reactants are in their standard states.

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4
Q

Define: Mean bond enthalpy

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of covalent bonds in a gaseous molecule are broken. It is an average over many different molecules.

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5
Q

State Hess’ Law

A

The enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken from reactants to products.

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6
Q

Define: Hetereogenous catalyst

A

A catalyst that is in a different phase to the reactants.

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7
Q

Define: Homogenous catalyst

A

A catalyst that is the same phase as the reactants.

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8
Q

Define: Activation energy

A

The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.

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9
Q

Define: Transition state

A

The species at the top of the curve on an enthalpy level diagram

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10
Q

Define: Rate of reaction

A

Change in concentraion per unit time.

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11
Q

Define: Dynamic Equilibrium

A

Rate of forward reaction = Rate of backward reaction

Concentrations of reactants and products are constant

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12
Q

Define: Catalyst

A

A substance that provides an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy.

OR

A substance that increase the rate of reaction and is chemically unchanged when the reaction has finished.

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13
Q

Define: Disproportionation reaction

A

A reaction where the same species is both oxidised and reduced.

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14
Q

Define: Polymerisation

A

Joining monomers to form long chains.

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15
Q

Define: Carbon neutral

A

An activity where there is no net carbon emissions to the atmosphere.

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16
Q

Define: Elastic collision

A

Collisions in which energy is transferred between molecules but no energy is lost.

17
Q

Define: Hydration

A

Addition of water to a molecule.

18
Q

Define: Hydrolysis

A

Breaking of a molecule by addition of water.

19
Q

Define: Molecular ion

A

The molecule with a single positive charge.

20
Q

State Le Chatlier’s Principle

A

When a system is in equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift such as to oppose the change introduced to the system.

21
Q

Define: Brønsted-Lowry acid

A

Proton donor

22
Q

Define: Brønsted-Lowry base

A

Proton acceptor

23
Q

Define: Buffer solution

A

A solution that is resistant to changes in pH when small amounts of acid/alkali are added

24
Q

Define: Structural isomerism

A

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

25
Q

Define: Stereoisomerism

A

Same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

26
Q

Define: Complex ion

A

Central metal ion surrounded by ligands

27
Q

Define: Ligand

A

Electron pair donor which forms coordinate bond(s) with a central metal ion

28
Q

Define: Coordination number

A

The number of coordinate bonds to the central metal ion

29
Q

Define: Lewis acid

A

Electron pair acceptor

30
Q

Define: Lewis base

A

Electron pair donor

31
Q

Define: Lattice enthalpy of dissociation

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is from from its gaseous ions.

32
Q

Define: Lattice dissociation enthalpy

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is completely dissociatedinto itsgaseous ions.

33
Q

Define: Enthalpy of atomisation

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous atoms are from a substance in its standard state.

34
Q

Define: First ionisation energy

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when 1 mole of electrons are removed from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions with a single postive charge.

35
Q

Define: First electron affinity

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when 1 mole of electrons are added to 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions with a single negative charge.

36
Q

Define: Enthalpy of hydration

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions are dissolved in water to form one mole of aqueous ions.

37
Q

Define: Enthalpy of solution

Give the symbol

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is dissolve in suffient solvent such that there is no further enthalpy change.

0 - Chemistry (11 decks)

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