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A) Chemistry > Reactions and Stoichiometry > Flashcards

Reactions and Stoichiometry Flashcards

0
Q

Chemical equation

A

A way of representing a chemical reaction

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1
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Process by which one or more substances is converted into another substance

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2
Q

Combustion reaction

A

An organic compound reacts with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O vapor, and a new compound

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3
Q

Combustion analysis

A

A reaction interpretation method in which a controlled reaction occurs allowing the CO2 from the reaction to be absorbed by a material while the water vapor is absorbed by another material, leaving only the combustion residue

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4
Q

Reactants

A

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction

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5
Q

Products

A

Materials produced as a result of chemical reaction

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6
Q

Balance

A

The state of a chemical equation in which all the atoms of all the products are equal on their side

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7
Q

Synthesis (Combonation) Reaction

A

Two reactants come together to compose a single product

A+B→AB

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8
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

A single reactant breaks apart into two products

AB→A+B

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9
Q

Single replacement reaction

A

The compound reactant decomposes and allows the atomic reactant to become the new compound, the pairing switches places

AB+C→A+CB

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10
Q

Double replacement reaction

A

Cations switch anions

AB+CD→AD+CB

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11
Q

Reduction

A

A reactant either looses an oxygen, or gains a hydrogen in a red-ox reaction
Reactant stops being an anion or starts being an cation
Lowering its overall charge

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12
Q

Oxidation

A

A reactant that either gains an oxygen or looses a hydrogen in a red-ox reaction
Reactant stops being a cation or starts being an anion
Raising its overall charge

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13
Q

Reducing agent

A

In a Red-ox reaction, the reactant that donates its hydrogen, or accepts an oxygen

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14
Q

Oxidizing Agent

A

In a Red-ox reaction, the reactant that donates its oxygen, or accepts a hydrogen

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15
Q

Red-ox reaction

A

Reaction in which a compound either looses or gains a hydrogen or oxygen, resulting in a change in reactant charge

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16
Q

Stoichiometry

A

The study of the amounts in, mass or moles, of products or reactants

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17
Q

Moles present

A

(Mass2/Mass1)
x(MolarMass1/MolarMass2)
xMoles1

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18
Q

Mass

A

(MolarMass2/MolarMass1)
x(Moles2/Moles1)
xMass1

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19
Q

Molar mass

A

(Mass2/Mass1)
x(Moles1/Moles2)
xMolarMass1

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20
Q

Limiting Reactant

A

The reactant that runs out first in a reaction

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21
Q

Access Reactant

A

Remaining reactant after the reaction has finished

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22
Q

Basic stochiometry equation

A

(MolarMass1/MolarMass2)x(Moles1/Moles2)=(Mass1/Mass2)

One entire mass equation over another
Can use algebra to solve for all else

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23
Q

Theoretical yeild

A

Mass that should be produced by the equation

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24
Q

Actual yeild

A

Mass of a given product produced during the reaction

Always given

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25
Q

Percent yield

A

(ActualYield)/(TheoreticalYield)x100%

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26
Q

Molecular equations

A

Chemical equations that show the (aq) of solution reactants and display which products are still (aq) and which have changed phase

Do not show ionic charge

27
Q

Complete ionic equations

A

Chemical formulas written with (aq) items as individual ions, show charges in each

28
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions that do not participate in the reaction

Go unchanged when solutions are mixed

29
Q

Net ionic equations

A

Ionic equation written without spectator ions

Include the charge and phase, but only for the ions that participate in the equation

30
Q

Acid-base reaction

A

An acid reacts with a base and the two neutralize eachother

[Acid]+[Base]→[Water]+[Salt]

31
Q

Gas-evolution reaction

A

Reaction in which a gas forms, resulting in bubling

32
Q

Electron motion in red-ox reaction

A

Leaves the reducing agent on an oxygen ion and travels to the other reactant

33
Q

Oxidation Number

A

The ‘charge’ that atom would have if all the electrons were at their most attractive atom,
Important in combustion reactions

34
Q

Complex Ion

A

A central transition metal bonded to one or more ligand

35
Q

Ligand

A

A lewis base that forms a bond with a metal

36
Q

Coordination compound

A

Neutral compound that results from the combination of a complex ion nd one or more counter-ion

37
Q

Counter-ion

A

Ions of an opposite charge to the complex ions, but that do not act as ligands

38
Q

Primary valence

A

Oxidation state of the central metal ion

39
Q

Secondary valence

A

Number of atoms or molecules bonded to the central metal ion

Aka: coordination number

40
Q

Coordination Number

A

Number of atoms or molecules bonded to the central metal ion

Aka: secondary valance

41
Q

Coordinate covalent bond

A

A bond type in which a transition metal is bonded to lewis bases by an electron pair

42
Q

Monodentate ligand

A

Coordination complexes that donate only one pair of electrons to a central transition metal

43
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

Coordination complexes that donate two pairs of electrons to a central transition metal

44
Q

Polydentate ligand

A

Coordination complexes that donate many pairs of electrons to a central transition metal

45
Q

Chelating agent

A

coordinating ligant in a coordination complex

46
Q

EDTA ligand

A

Wraps itself arround the metal completely

47
Q

Chealte

A

Coordination complexes with a ligand that is not monodentate

48
Q

Writing coordination complex complounds

A

1) Metal comes first

2) Lewis is included in brakets

49
Q

Arrehenius Plot

A

Linear function

Ln(k)=(-Ea/R)(1/T)+ln A
Derived from: ln(k)=ln(Ae^(-Ea/RT)

50
Q

Bronsted Lowry definitions of acids and bases

A

Defined by whether they accept an H+ proton

51
Q

Amphoteric substances

A

Substances that act either as an acid or a base

52
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed by the reaction itself

53
Q

Heterogeneous catalyst

A

Catalyst that exists in the same state as the reactants

54
Q

Heterogeneous catalyst

A

Catalyst that exists in a different state from the reactants

55
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Adding a hydrogen atom to an already stable molecule

H2+CH2→H3C+CH3

56
Q

Enzyme

A

A type of naturally occurring biological catalyst

57
Q

Activation site

A

The portion of the enzymes surface that acts as the catalyst

58
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant molecule when an enzyme is used as the catalyst

59
Q

Solvation

A

The reaction of an ionic compound with a solvent

60
Q

First law of electrolysis

A

Mass of a reacted substance is proportional to the charge through boltsman constant)
m=k*q

61
Q

Second law of electrolysis

A

when the same amount of electricity is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the mass of substance liberated/deposited at the electrodes is directly proportional to their equivalent weights.

62
Q

Electrolysis of water

A

Water is broken into hydrogen and oxygen

63
Q

Electrocrystalization

A

The process of forming conductive crystals on the surface of the electrode

64
Q

Crystallography

A

The science that examines the arrangement of atoms in solids

65
Q

Determining the limiting reactant

A

Calculate the decimal of the theoretical mole ratio,
Calculate the decimal of the actual mole ratio,
If actual>theoretical, denominator element is limiting
If actual<theoretical, numerator element is limiting

A) Chemistry (9 decks)

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