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A) Chemistry > Reactions and Stoichiometry > Flashcards

Reactions and Stoichiometry Flashcards

0
Q

Chemical equation

A

A way of representing a chemical reaction

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1
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Process by which one or more substances is converted into another substance

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2
Q

Combustion reaction

A

An organic compound reacts with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O vapor, and a new compound

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3
Q

Combustion analysis

A

A reaction interpretation method in which a controlled reaction occurs allowing the CO2 from the reaction to be absorbed by a material while the water vapor is absorbed by another material, leaving only the combustion residue

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4
Q

Reactants

A

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction

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5
Q

Products

A

Materials produced as a result of chemical reaction

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6
Q

Balance

A

The state of a chemical equation in which all the atoms of all the products are equal on their side

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7
Q

Synthesis (Combonation) Reaction

A

Two reactants come together to compose a single product

A+B→AB

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8
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

A single reactant breaks apart into two products

AB→A+B

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9
Q

Single replacement reaction

A

The compound reactant decomposes and allows the atomic reactant to become the new compound, the pairing switches places

AB+C→A+CB

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10
Q

Double replacement reaction

A

Cations switch anions

AB+CD→AD+CB

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11
Q

Reduction

A

A reactant either looses an oxygen, or gains a hydrogen in a red-ox reaction
Reactant stops being an anion or starts being an cation
Lowering its overall charge

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12
Q

Oxidation

A

A reactant that either gains an oxygen or looses a hydrogen in a red-ox reaction
Reactant stops being a cation or starts being an anion
Raising its overall charge

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13
Q

Reducing agent

A

In a Red-ox reaction, the reactant that donates its hydrogen, or accepts an oxygen

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14
Q

Oxidizing Agent

A

In a Red-ox reaction, the reactant that donates its oxygen, or accepts a hydrogen

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15
Q

Red-ox reaction

A

Reaction in which a compound either looses or gains a hydrogen or oxygen, resulting in a change in reactant charge

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16
Q

Stoichiometry

A

The study of the amounts in, mass or moles, of products or reactants

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17
Q

Moles present

A

(Mass2/Mass1)
x(MolarMass1/MolarMass2)
xMoles1

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18
Q

Mass

A

(MolarMass2/MolarMass1)
x(Moles2/Moles1)
xMass1

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19
Q

Molar mass

A

(Mass2/Mass1)
x(Moles1/Moles2)
xMolarMass1

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20
Q

Limiting Reactant

A

The reactant that runs out first in a reaction

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21
Q

Access Reactant

A

Remaining reactant after the reaction has finished

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22
Q

Basic stochiometry equation

A

(MolarMass1/MolarMass2)x(Moles1/Moles2)=(Mass1/Mass2)

One entire mass equation over another
Can use algebra to solve for all else

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23
Q

Theoretical yeild

A

Mass that should be produced by the equation

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24
Actual yeild
Mass of a given product produced during the reaction Always given
25
Percent yield
(ActualYield)/(TheoreticalYield)x100%
26
Molecular equations
Chemical equations that show the (aq) of solution reactants and display which products are still (aq) and which have changed phase Do not show ionic charge
27
Complete ionic equations
Chemical formulas written with (aq) items as individual ions, show charges in each
28
Spectator ions
Ions that do not participate in the reaction | Go unchanged when solutions are mixed
29
Net ionic equations
Ionic equation written without spectator ions Include the charge and phase, but only for the ions that participate in the equation
30
Acid-base reaction
An acid reacts with a base and the two neutralize eachother [Acid]+[Base]→[Water]+[Salt]
31
Gas-evolution reaction
Reaction in which a gas forms, resulting in bubling
32
Electron motion in red-ox reaction
Leaves the reducing agent on an oxygen ion and travels to the other reactant
33
Oxidation Number
The 'charge' that atom would have if all the electrons were at their most attractive atom, Important in combustion reactions
34
Complex Ion
A central transition metal bonded to one or more ligand
35
Ligand
A lewis base that forms a bond with a metal
36
Coordination compound
Neutral compound that results from the combination of a complex ion nd one or more counter-ion
37
Counter-ion
Ions of an opposite charge to the complex ions, but that do not act as ligands
38
Primary valence
Oxidation state of the central metal ion
39
Secondary valence
Number of atoms or molecules bonded to the central metal ion | Aka: coordination number
40
Coordination Number
Number of atoms or molecules bonded to the central metal ion | Aka: secondary valance
41
Coordinate covalent bond
A bond type in which a transition metal is bonded to lewis bases by an electron pair
42
Monodentate ligand
Coordination complexes that donate only one pair of electrons to a central transition metal
43
Bidentate ligand
Coordination complexes that donate two pairs of electrons to a central transition metal
44
Polydentate ligand
Coordination complexes that donate many pairs of electrons to a central transition metal
45
Chelating agent
coordinating ligant in a coordination complex
46
EDTA ligand
Wraps itself arround the metal completely
47
Chealte
Coordination complexes with a ligand that is not monodentate
48
Writing coordination complex complounds
1) Metal comes first | 2) Lewis is included in brakets
49
Arrehenius Plot
Linear function Ln(k)=(-Ea/R)(1/T)+ln A Derived from: ln(k)=ln(Ae^(-Ea/RT)
50
Bronsted Lowry definitions of acids and bases
Defined by whether they accept an H+ proton
51
Amphoteric substances
Substances that act either as an acid or a base
52
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed by the reaction itself
53
Heterogeneous catalyst
Catalyst that exists in the same state as the reactants
54
Heterogeneous catalyst
Catalyst that exists in a different state from the reactants
55
Hydrogenation
Adding a hydrogen atom to an already stable molecule H2+CH2→H3C+CH3
56
Enzyme
A type of naturally occurring biological catalyst
57
Activation site
The portion of the enzymes surface that acts as the catalyst
58
Substrate
The reactant molecule when an enzyme is used as the catalyst
59
Solvation
The reaction of an ionic compound with a solvent
60
First law of electrolysis
Mass of a reacted substance is proportional to the charge through boltsman constant) m=k*q
61
Second law of electrolysis
when the same amount of electricity is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the mass of substance liberated/deposited at the electrodes is directly proportional to their equivalent weights.
62
Electrolysis of water
Water is broken into hydrogen and oxygen
63
Electrocrystalization
The process of forming conductive crystals on the surface of the electrode
64
Crystallography
The science that examines the arrangement of atoms in solids
65
Determining the limiting reactant
Calculate the decimal of the theoretical mole ratio, Calculate the decimal of the actual mole ratio, If actual>theoretical, denominator element is limiting If actual

A) Chemistry (9 decks)

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