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A) Chemistry > Experimentation > Flashcards

Experimentation Flashcards

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0
Q

Cracked glassware

A

Treat as if it were broken

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1
Q

Disposal of broken glass

A

Sweep it up,
Place in the appropriately marked bin
Record Identity of item on the lab list,
Get a replacement

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2
Q

Drawer isolation

A

Glassware is kept away from all other lab materials

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3
Q

Fume hoods

A

Hood over the top of the experiment to suck away vapors

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4
Q

Sink disposal

A

Water only,

No chemicals, tissues, matches

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5
Q

Nesting

A

Arrangement of beakers so that the dmaller beakers fit inside the larger beakers

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6
Q

Spillage clean up

A

Wipe away with a wet sponge

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7
Q

Distilled (RO) water

A

Pure water used for chemical reactions

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8
Q

Cleaning glassware

A

Use dish detergent, not soap
Use sponge not scrub pad
Allow to air dry, inverted

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9
Q

Drying agents

A

Used to quickly dry glassware

ie acetone

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10
Q

Measuring pipet

A

Glass tube with a rubber bulb used to suck liquids of a specified volume

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11
Q

Forceps

A

Special tweezers used to pick up a solid object

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12
Q

Watch glass

A

Used to cover reactions in glass containers
Weighed to measure residue mass
Acts as a great cutting surface

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13
Q

Evaporating dish

A

Porcelin half-sphere, used to hold a substance of small volume during heating

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14
Q

Mortar and pestle

A

Bowl and rounded stick used for crushing a solid into powder

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15
Q

Volumistic flask and ground-glass stopper

A

Tear-shaped glass container with glass cap to contain all of the mass of the reaction inside

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16
Q

Round bottom flask

A

Best used to maximize heat dispersion for the material inside, for bringing a substance to a boil

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17
Q

Vaccum flask

A

Flask with additional nozel to hook up to a suction device to create a pressure difference for filtration

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18
Q

Erlenmeyer flask

A

Glass in which volume can easily be measured

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19
Q

Test tube

A

Glass container used for adding one substance to another for observation

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20
Q

Beaker

A

Ideal container for heating and later pouring,

Glass cylynder

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21
Q

Well spot plate

A

Plastic square with smaller holes used for comparing a substances reaction to a variety of materials

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22
Q

Stirring rod

A

Maximizes molecular interaction within a reaction

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23
Q

Beaker tongs

A

Instrument used to move a heated beaker

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24
Q

Test tube holder

A

Accesory to a ring stand, complete with a clamp to hold the test tube over a bunsun burner or ice bath

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25
Q

Thermometer clamp

A

Used to hold a thermometer over a reaction

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26
Q

Test tube holder

A

Metal inverted tweezers used to lift a test-tube

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27
Q

Utility clap

A

Used to hold a glass container from a ring stand

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28
Q

Scoopula

A

Used for transferring powderized solids

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29
Q

Beryl pipet

A

Used to transfer small volumes of liquid

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30
Q

Ring

A

Used to hold a metal plate over a bunsun burner from a ring stand

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31
Q

Wire triangle

A

Used to hold a bowl in the ring from the ring stand

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32
Q

Crucible tongs

A

Used to lift small heated bowls

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33
Q

Graduated cylinder

A

Used to measure and pour liquids of a specific volume

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34
Q

Gravity funnel

A

Used to control the dispersion rate when pouring a liquid

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35
Q

Buechner funnel

A

Used to filter substances

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36
Q

Funnel holder

A

Used to hold a funnel from a ringstand

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37
Q

Heating angle

A

45 degrees to the side

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38
Q

Test tube heating

A

Test tube holder to position test tube with top of the liquid over flame 45 degrees to the side, facing away from yourself, towards fume hood

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39
Q

Buret

A

Measures liquid dispersed into container, reads bottom to top

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40
Q

Buret holder

A

Mechanical clamp that holds buret from the ringstand

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41
Q

Eye protection occurances

A

ALWAYS

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42
Q

Glasses in the lab

A

Still need safety goggles

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43
Q

In case of fire

A

Go get prof

DO NOT DEAL WITH IT YOURSELF

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44
Q

Marked with Red

A

Flamable

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45
Q

Marked with yellow

A

Both flammable and explosive

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46
Q

Marked with blue

A

Biohazard

47
Q

Occurance of chemical burns

A

Flood area with cold water

48
Q

Lab clothing

A

Closed toes,
Covered from neck to knees, tight clothing
Hair tied back

49
Q

Food in the lab

A

Never allowed

50
Q

Smelling

A

Hold container away, waft fumes towards you

51
Q

Weighing objects

A

Wait until cooled

Weigh container first, subtract from the total

52
Q

Significant figures

A

Record the lowest number of significant figures given from the rest of the data

53
Q

Clamping test tubes

A

Clamp the tube at the top

Above the surface if the liquid

54
Q

Tasting

A

NEVER taste

55
Q

Mixing within tubes

A

Spank the tube

56
Q

‘Spanking’

A

Hold tube at the top,

Flick repeatedly at the bottom

57
Q

Decant liquids

A

Touch glass rod to beaker spout

Pour down the rod and into container

58
Q

Proper flame

A

Blue non-luminous flame

59
Q

Water bath

A

Test tube with substance is dipped in water as the water is being heated

60
Q

Gravity filtration

A

Set gravity funnel over beaker with filter paper inside

Decant liquid into it

61
Q

Boiling chips

A

Stones that allow water to reach its boiling point faster

62
Q

Heating a flamable liquid

A

Place liquid in crucible with lid

63
Q

The bunsun burner setup

A

1) Attach burner tubing to the gas
2) set gas control to half-open
3) adjust gas contol on the burner to half open too
4) light the flame
5) turn the burner off when not in use

64
Q

Percent error

A

(MeasuredValue-acceptedValue)/(acceptedValue)

65
Q

Rounding,

A

5 round up

66
Q

Extensive properties

A

Depend on the quantity of mass

67
Q

Intensive properties

A

Properties do not depend on the quantity of material present

68
Q

Dimensions

A 
Length
Width
Height
Radius
Liquid depth
69
Q

Caliper

A

Used for reading, incredibly small distances

70
Q

Reading a meniscus

A

Use the lowest point

Liquid has a tendency to ‘climb’ the sides

71
Q

Converting Farenheight to Celcius

A

C=(F-32)*(5/9)

72
Q

Converting celcius to kelvin

A

K=C+273

73
Q

Separatory Funnel

A

Cone shaped funnel set up in a ring stand, used to partition a mixture into two immiscible solutions of different densities

74
Q

Distillation set up

A

Round bottom flask over a flame, with a distillation head attatchment. A thermometer loads into the top while a tube, connected by a ‘keck clamp’ runs out to ‘condenser’, that supplies water against the flow of gravity. At the other end, also connected by a keck clamp, is a dripping addapter, set over a beaker

75
Q

Sources of chemical information

A

1) Material safety data sheet,
Contains LD50, lethal doses of chemicals
2) merck index
3) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics

76
Q

Volumetric Pipet

A

Glass tube, wider in the middle and narrower at the top, used to move liquids at high volume
Comes with an attachment, on which the knob is cranked to draw the liquid up.
Finger is put down on the top, use pressure to deliver
Touch tip to the wall of the flask

77
Q

Coffee cup Calorimeter

A

Filled with water at a certain temperature, material heated to a certain temperature is dropped inside.
Test with thermometer, until the temperature stops changing

78
Q

Bomb calorimeter

A

Material is placed in container with pure oxygen.
Container contents are detonated while the container is submerged.
A thermometer is used to measure the change in temperature

79
Q

Heat transferred equation

A

Q=cmΔT

C= specific heat of substance

80
Q

Calculating specific heat

A

c=Q/(m*ΔT)

Q- heat transfered

81
Q

Scientific method

A 
Observe
Hypothesis
Experiment
Record results
Draw Conclusion
82
Q

Titration set up

A

Functioning burret is positioned over a beaker

Positioned inside this beaker is a ph meter electrode

83
Q

Ph meter electrode

A

Measures the concetration of the solution by the acid content

84
Q

Simple beam spectrophotometer

A

A light source gives off wavelengths of visible light, in front of a ‘wavelength selector’ which splits the source beam into its component wavelengths and focuses them onto the sample (contained within a cuvette) the wavelengths pass through this to a ‘wavelength detector’ to measure the intensity, and convert it into an electrical signal, which is then passed to a a signal processor with a readout

85
Q

Percent transmittence

A

(TransmittanceOfTheSample)/(transmittance of blank-sample) x100%

86
Q

Absorbance from percent transmittance

A

A=-log(%T/100)

87
Q

Extinction coeffient (ε)

A

Physical property of the sample. Depends on the wavelengths absorbed by the sample

88
Q

Beer-lambert law

A

A= εbC

A- absorbance at a given wavelength
ε- extinction coeffient
b- the path of length
C- conentration in molarity

89
Q

Calibration curve

A

Chart used to determine the conentration of unknown substances

90
Q

Chalk for the ‘Spec 20’ Spectrophotometer

A

Worn down to a 45 degree angle,
And placed in the cuvette
Submerged beneath the substance
Used to reflect light though out the substance

91
Q

Instructions for handling the curvette

A

Hold at the top, wipe to remove finger prints,

Slowly insert into the spectrometer

92
Q

Settings for the ‘Ocean Optics USB2000’

A

1) click ‘OOIChem’
2) pull down the menu for Spectrometer
3) check ‘enable strobe’
4) set “Mode of Opperation” to ‘scope’
5) set the transmittence knob to 100% T
6) click ‘Reference’ and adjust integration time to the maximum setting
7) click ‘store’

93
Q

What exactly happens to the Curvette

A

Light travels through the bottom half of the curvette (only nesisary to fill it half-way). Do not fill all the way (risk damage to the spectrometer)
Based on the orientation with which it is inserted, light can pass through the solution at either 5 mm or 10mm

94
Q

When finished storing data from the spectrometer

A

Always Set to 0% Transmittance
Turn off from the switch
Remove the curvet from the holder

95
Q

Stirring box and rod

A

Magnetic box used to stir with a rod inside the solution

96
Q

Set up for a voltalic cell

A

Two beakers are placed side by side, each filled with a reacting solution, a KNO3 salt bridge is dipped from one beaker to another. In each beaker is a reacting electrode. Each of these electrodes is connected to one side of voltmeter

97
Q

Set up for measureing volages of a half cell

A

A beaker filled with a Cu(NO3)2 solution. With a Cu strip connected to an voltimeter. The other end is attatched to an Fe strip in a FeSO4 solution in a porous cup, dipped in the Cu(NO3)2 solution from the same solution

98
Q

Chromotagraphy

A

A variety of methods by which a mixture is sepperated

99
Q

Ascending paper chromatogram

A

An amino acid dot that ‘climbs’ the paper, leaving behind its constituent components as the paper absorbs another substance

100
Q

Set up Radial Chromatogram

A

Dots are set up in a circle around the center of a circular paper
Placed over a dish of NaCl solution with a paper wick running from through the center

101
Q

Accuracy

A

Getting the result you want

102
Q

Precision

A

The consistancy with which you get your results

103
Q

Arithmetic mean

A

The average measurement

104
Q

Average deviation from the mean for a specific measurement

A

(Measured value-mean value)/(mean value)

105
Q

Standard deviation

A

[Sum of ((measurement-next measurement)^2)/(Number of meaurements-1)]^(1/2)
Least significant figures
Always written as ±StandardDeviation

106
Q

Relative standard deviation

A

(StandardDeviation)/(mean) x100%

108
Q

Doubtful digit

A

The last number in the final value when rounding to the lowest number of significant figures

130
Q

Deviations from mean

A

The difference between each measurement from the average value

131
Q

Goniometer

A

An instrument that not only measures an angle but allows the object to be rotated

132
Q

Diffraction

A

The tendency for electromagnetic wavelengths to bend around an object

133
Q

Dueterium

A

Hydrogen with two neutrons

Aka: heavy hydrogen

134
Q

Disccantation

A

The process by which one substance is dried by absorbing the moisture into another substance

135
Q

Supercritical drying

A

Transitioning a material from a liquid to a gas by raising the temperature and pressure beyond the supercritical point, and then lowing the pressure until the substance become a gas

136
Q

Freeze drying

A

Lowering the temperature on a liquid, until it becomes solid, then lowering the pressure until it sublimates into a gas

137
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

Scans an object with a focused beam of electrons and produces an image based on the angular feedback

A) Chemistry (9 decks)

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