Reactions Flashcards
What is the definition of an addition reaction?
Adding new atoms to an original molecule.
What kind of molecules can take part in addition reactions?
Alkene molecules.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule composed of many subunits.
Which organic molecules can be produced from alkene addition reactions other than polymers?
Haloalkanes, alcohols, di-haloalkanes, alkanes.
What are the possible reagents that can be used in alkene addition reactions?
H2 (with catalyst Pt or Ni)
HCl, HBr, Cl2, Br2, H2O
What is it meant by the phrase “the rich get richer”?
During reactions the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon that has the most atoms already attached.
What is the difference between a major or minor product?
Major = The hydrogen is on the carbon with the most H atoms Minor = The hydrogen is on the carbon with the less H atoms.
What is the definition of an elimination reaction?
Atoms are removed from two neighbouring carbon atoms in the main chain.
What kind of molecules can take part in elimination reaction?
Alcohols and haloalkanes.
What is the product of all elimination reactions?
Alkenes.
What are the reagents and side products
Alcohols - H2SO4
Haloalkanes - KOH
Side product - Hbr (ect)
What are the 2 times that you need to use reverse markonvikovs’s rule?
During elimination reactions where
1: alcohol - alkene
2: Haloalkanes - alkene
What is it meant by the phrase “the poor get poorer”
When the hydrogen atom is removed from the carbon atom with the least number of hydrogen atoms already attached.
What is the difference between major and minor?
In major reactions, the hydrogen is taken from the least
In minor reactions, the hydrogen is taken from the most.
What happens in an oxidation reaction?
In an oxidation reaction, oxygen atoms are added to the molecule.
What are the types of organic compounds that can undergo oxidation reactions?
Primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, keytones and alkenes.
What are the 2 oxidation agents we need to know?
Acidified dichromate, Cr2O7^2-/ H+
Acidified permanganate MnO4^-/ H+
What is a substitution reaction?
When atoms leave the molecule and are replaced by other atoms.
What are the functional groups that may be swapped during substitution reactions.
(OH) (Br, Cl, F) (NH3)
What are the requirements for a reaction to be classified as a “condensation reaction”
- Joining 2 smaller molecules to form a large one by removing a smaller molecule.
What are 3 examples of condensation reactions?
Acyl chloride + Alcohol = ester
Carboxylic acid + Alcohol = ester
Acyl chloride + Amine = ester
What is the role of hydrolysis reactions?
To break down large molecules into smaller molecules using water.
What is base hydrolysis?
Base hydrolysis is when any functional groups that are able to be de-protonated, will be.
What is acid hydrolysis?
Acid hydrolysis is when any functional groups that are able to be protonated, will be.
What kinds of molecules can be hydrolysed?
Large molecules (Polymers, triglycerides, polypeptides)
What are the 2 components of triglycerides?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Name the reaction that produces triglycerides.
Alcohol + carboxylic acid > ester.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated triglycerides?
Saturated have no double or triple bonds in its molecular structure, un-saturated have double or triple bonds in its molecular structure.
How are triglycerides hydrolysed?
The OH- from the water joins into the backbone to form a triol which then breaks the triglyceride into smaller molecules.
