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NZQA Organics > Reactions > Flashcards

Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of an addition reaction?

A

Adding new atoms to an original molecule.

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2
Q

What kind of molecules can take part in addition reactions?

A

Alkene molecules.

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3
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule composed of many subunits.

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4
Q

Which organic molecules can be produced from alkene addition reactions other than polymers?

A

Haloalkanes, alcohols, di-haloalkanes, alkanes.

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5
Q

What are the possible reagents that can be used in alkene addition reactions?

A

H2 (with catalyst Pt or Ni)

HCl, HBr, Cl2, Br2, H2O

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6
Q

What is it meant by the phrase “the rich get richer”?

A

During reactions the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon that has the most atoms already attached.

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7
Q

What is the difference between a major or minor product?

A 
Major = The hydrogen is on the carbon with the most H atoms
Minor = The hydrogen is on the carbon with the less H atoms.
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8
Q

What is the definition of an elimination reaction?

A

Atoms are removed from two neighbouring carbon atoms in the main chain.

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9
Q

What kind of molecules can take part in elimination reaction?

A

Alcohols and haloalkanes.

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10
Q

What is the product of all elimination reactions?

A

Alkenes.

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11
Q

What are the reagents and side products

A

Alcohols - H2SO4
Haloalkanes - KOH
Side product - Hbr (ect)

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12
Q

What are the 2 times that you need to use reverse markonvikovs’s rule?

A

During elimination reactions where

1: alcohol - alkene
2: Haloalkanes - alkene

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13
Q

What is it meant by the phrase “the poor get poorer”

A

When the hydrogen atom is removed from the carbon atom with the least number of hydrogen atoms already attached.

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14
Q

What is the difference between major and minor?

A

In major reactions, the hydrogen is taken from the least

In minor reactions, the hydrogen is taken from the most.

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15
Q

What happens in an oxidation reaction?

A

In an oxidation reaction, oxygen atoms are added to the molecule.

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16
Q

What are the types of organic compounds that can undergo oxidation reactions?

A

Primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, keytones and alkenes.

17
Q

What are the 2 oxidation agents we need to know?

A

Acidified dichromate, Cr2O7^2-/ H+

Acidified permanganate MnO4^-/ H+

18
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

When atoms leave the molecule and are replaced by other atoms.

19
Q

What are the functional groups that may be swapped during substitution reactions.

A

(OH) (Br, Cl, F) (NH3)

20
Q

What are the requirements for a reaction to be classified as a “condensation reaction”

A
  1. Joining 2 smaller molecules to form a large one by removing a smaller molecule.
21
Q

What are 3 examples of condensation reactions?

A

Acyl chloride + Alcohol = ester
Carboxylic acid + Alcohol = ester
Acyl chloride + Amine = ester

22
Q

What is the role of hydrolysis reactions?

A

To break down large molecules into smaller molecules using water.

23
Q

What is base hydrolysis?

A

Base hydrolysis is when any functional groups that are able to be de-protonated, will be.

24
Q

What is acid hydrolysis?

A

Acid hydrolysis is when any functional groups that are able to be protonated, will be.

25
Q

What kinds of molecules can be hydrolysed?

A

Large molecules (Polymers, triglycerides, polypeptides)

26
Q

What are the 2 components of triglycerides?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

27
Q

Name the reaction that produces triglycerides.

A

Alcohol + carboxylic acid > ester.

28
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated triglycerides?

A

Saturated have no double or triple bonds in its molecular structure, un-saturated have double or triple bonds in its molecular structure.

29
Q

How are triglycerides hydrolysed?

A

The OH- from the water joins into the backbone to form a triol which then breaks the triglyceride into smaller molecules.

NZQA Organics (7 decks)

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