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NZQA Organics > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

How to name alkane molecules?

A
  1. Find the longest chain. (prefix)

2. Add Alkane suffix (-ane)

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2
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

When carbon-carbon bonds are single

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3
Q

What does un-saturated mean?

A

When bonds are removed to form double or triple bonds

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4
Q

Are alkanes saturated or in-saturated?

A

Saturated

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5
Q

What is the functional group present in alkenes?

A

Carbon-carbon double bond.

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6
Q

How to name alkene molecules?

A
  1. Determine longest chain (prefix)
  2. Find position of the double bond and place in between prefix and suffix
    (-ene)
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7
Q

What are the 10 prefixes for the first 10 carbon atoms?

A 
1 = meth-
2= eth-
3=prop-
4=but-
5=pent-
6=hex-
7=hept-
8=oct-
9=non-
10=dec-
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8
Q

What is the functional group present in alkynes?

A

Carbon-carbon triple bond

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9
Q

How to name alkyne molecules?

A
  1. Determine longest chain (prefix)

2. Find position of the triple bond and place between prefix and suffix (-yne)

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10
Q

Where are halogens found on the periodic table?

A

To the left of the noble gases

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11
Q

What are the common halogens?

A

Fluorine, bromo, chloro, iodo

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12
Q

Functional group of alcohols?

A

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

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13
Q

How to name alcohol molecules?

A
  1. Find longest chain (prefix)
  2. Find position of the (-OH)
  3. Place (-OH) between prefix and suffix (-anol)
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14
Q

What is the difference between alcohol and diol molecules?

A

The alcohol molecule contains 1 (-OH) group. The diol molecule contains 2 (OH) groups.

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15
Q

How to name diol molecules?

A
  1. Find longest chain (prefix)

2. Find positions of the (-OH) groups and place between the prefix and suffix (-diol)

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16
Q

What atoms make up a carboxyl group?

A

(COO-) 1 carbon and 2 oxygen

17
Q

How to name carboxylic acid molecules?

A
  1. Find longest chain (prefix)

2. Add suffix (anoic acid)

18
Q

Why is it not necessary to name the position of the carboxyl group?

A

It is always on the first carbon.

19
Q

Why does the carboxyl group have acidic properties? (COO-)

A

The COO- group donates a proton.

20
Q

What atoms make up the amine group?

A

NH2, NITROGEN AND 2HYDROGEN

21
Q

What is the prefix and suffix used when naming amines?

A 
Prefix = amino
Suffix = amine
22
Q

Why does the amine (NH2) have basic properties?

A

It accepts protons / H+ atoms

23
Q

What is the name of the functional group in esters?

A

Hydroxyl group. (-OH)

24
Q

What are the 2 organic compounds that make up esters?

A

Carboxylic acid & alcohol.

25
Q

How to name an ester molecule?

A
  1. Find longest chain for both carboxylic acid and alcohol sections
  2. Use cross teq.
  3. Add suffix’s
    Carboxylic acid - (-anoate)
    Alcohol - (-yl)
26
Q

What is the functional group in acyl chlorides?

A

-COCL

27
Q

How are acyl chlorides related to carboxylic acids?

A

Acyl chlorides are derived from carboxylic acids. The -OH section is replaced with -CL

28
Q

How to name acyl chlorides?

A
  1. Find longest chain (prefix)

2. Add suffix (-Anoyl chloride)

29
Q

What is the functional group in amides?

A

-CONH2. Amine group

30
Q

How are amides related to carboxylic acids?

A

Amides are derived from carboxylic acids. The -OH part is replaced with NH2

31
Q

How to name amides?

A
  1. Find longest chain (Prefix)

2. Add suffix (-Amide)

32
Q

What is the functional group in both keytones and aldehydes?

A

C=O

33
Q

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a keytone?

A

The C=O group is positioned differently. Aldehyde = end of molecule, Keytone = Any place on the molecule.

34
Q

How to name a keytone?

A
  1. Find longest chain (prefix)
  2. Add suffix (-anone)
  3. Add position of the C=O group between the suffix. `
35
Q

How to name an aldehyde?

A
  1. find the longest chain (prefix)

2. Add suffix (-anal)

36
Q

What are primary haloalkanes?

A

molecules where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to only 1 other carbon atom.

37
Q

What are secondary haloalkanes?

A

Where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to only 2 other carbon atoms.

38
Q

What are tertiary haloalkanes?

A

Where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to 3 or more other carbon atoms.

NZQA Organics (7 decks)

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