Functional Groups Flashcards
How to name alkane molecules?
- Find the longest chain. (prefix)
2. Add Alkane suffix (-ane)
What does saturated mean?
When carbon-carbon bonds are single
What does un-saturated mean?
When bonds are removed to form double or triple bonds
Are alkanes saturated or in-saturated?
Saturated
What is the functional group present in alkenes?
Carbon-carbon double bond.
How to name alkene molecules?
- Determine longest chain (prefix)
- Find position of the double bond and place in between prefix and suffix
(-ene)
What are the 10 prefixes for the first 10 carbon atoms?
1 = meth- 2= eth- 3=prop- 4=but- 5=pent- 6=hex- 7=hept- 8=oct- 9=non- 10=dec-
What is the functional group present in alkynes?
Carbon-carbon triple bond
How to name alkyne molecules?
- Determine longest chain (prefix)
2. Find position of the triple bond and place between prefix and suffix (-yne)
Where are halogens found on the periodic table?
To the left of the noble gases
What are the common halogens?
Fluorine, bromo, chloro, iodo
Functional group of alcohols?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
How to name alcohol molecules?
- Find longest chain (prefix)
- Find position of the (-OH)
- Place (-OH) between prefix and suffix (-anol)
What is the difference between alcohol and diol molecules?
The alcohol molecule contains 1 (-OH) group. The diol molecule contains 2 (OH) groups.
How to name diol molecules?
- Find longest chain (prefix)
2. Find positions of the (-OH) groups and place between the prefix and suffix (-diol)
What atoms make up a carboxyl group?
(COO-) 1 carbon and 2 oxygen
How to name carboxylic acid molecules?
- Find longest chain (prefix)
2. Add suffix (anoic acid)
Why is it not necessary to name the position of the carboxyl group?
It is always on the first carbon.
Why does the carboxyl group have acidic properties? (COO-)
The COO- group donates a proton.
What atoms make up the amine group?
NH2, NITROGEN AND 2HYDROGEN
What is the prefix and suffix used when naming amines?
Prefix = amino Suffix = amine
Why does the amine (NH2) have basic properties?
It accepts protons / H+ atoms
What is the name of the functional group in esters?
Hydroxyl group. (-OH)
What are the 2 organic compounds that make up esters?
Carboxylic acid & alcohol.
How to name an ester molecule?
- Find longest chain for both carboxylic acid and alcohol sections
- Use cross teq.
- Add suffix’s
Carboxylic acid - (-anoate)
Alcohol - (-yl)
What is the functional group in acyl chlorides?
-COCL
How are acyl chlorides related to carboxylic acids?
Acyl chlorides are derived from carboxylic acids. The -OH section is replaced with -CL
How to name acyl chlorides?
- Find longest chain (prefix)
2. Add suffix (-Anoyl chloride)
What is the functional group in amides?
-CONH2. Amine group
How are amides related to carboxylic acids?
Amides are derived from carboxylic acids. The -OH part is replaced with NH2
How to name amides?
- Find longest chain (Prefix)
2. Add suffix (-Amide)
What is the functional group in both keytones and aldehydes?
C=O
What is the difference between an aldehyde and a keytone?
The C=O group is positioned differently. Aldehyde = end of molecule, Keytone = Any place on the molecule.
How to name a keytone?
- Find longest chain (prefix)
- Add suffix (-anone)
- Add position of the C=O group between the suffix. `
How to name an aldehyde?
- find the longest chain (prefix)
2. Add suffix (-anal)
What are primary haloalkanes?
molecules where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to only 1 other carbon atom.
What are secondary haloalkanes?
Where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to only 2 other carbon atoms.
What are tertiary haloalkanes?
Where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to 3 or more other carbon atoms.
