reaction scheme

Question 1

alkene to alkyne

Answer 1

elimination
NaNH2

Question 2

alkene to dihaloalkane

Answer 2

addition
X2 (aq) = two halides

Question 3

alkene to diol

Answer 3

oxidation
MnO4/H+ (reflux) only sometimes acidified = purple to colourless
not acidified = purple to brown solid
can be used as a test for alkene as alkane don’t break bonds

Question 4

alkene to alcohol

Answer 4

addition
H2O/H+, heat

Question 5

alkene to haloalkane

Answer 5

addition
Hx

Question 6

alkene to alkane

Answer 6

addition
H2/Pt catalyst, heat

Question 7

alkane to haloalkane

Answer 7

substitution
X2 (aq), slow, UV light
product = monohaloalkane + hydrogen halide

Question 8

haloalkane to alkene

Answer 8

elimination
KOH (alc)

Question 9

alcohol to alkene

Answer 9

elimination
concentrated H2SO4, heat

Question 10

alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 10

Substitution HCl
PCl3, PCl5, SOCl2, heat
products = haloalkane + water as both the OH and H is removed and replaced with HCl

Question 11

haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 11

substitution
KOH (aq) (reflux)
products = alcohol and potassium + halide

Question 12

haloalkane to amine

Answer 12

substitution
NH3 (alc), warm
product = amine + hydrogen halide

Question 13

amine to ammonium salt

Answer 13

neutralisation
acid (H+)

Question 14

alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 14

oxidation
MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O72-/H+ reflux
test for primary alcohol with Cr2O72- goes from orange to green as ions are reduced and dichromate doesn’t react with any other functional group
MnO4- goes from purple to colourless

Question 15

carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

Answer 15

neutralisation
base (OH-)