organic tests

Question 1

addition

Answer 1

markinov’s rule - rich get richer
major = one with most hydrogen gets another hydrogen
H2O/H+ to form alcohol
or add hydrogen halides to form haloalkane

Question 2

elimination

Answer 2

zaitzev’s rule - poor gets poorer
hydrogen removed from carbon with least hydrogen atoms - hydrogen halides from haloalkanes + water from alcohol

Question 3

test for carboxylic acid

Answer 3

turn blue litmus paper red
acid + base = salt = test with amine to form ammonium carboxylate
react with Mg = hydrogen gas
react with CaCO3 = carbon dioxide gas

Question 4

amine test

Answer 4

red litmus = blue

Question 5

test for alkene and alkane

Answer 5

bromine water = brown to colourless fast with alkene slow with alkane
test with any polar solvent = will separate into layers

Question 6

alcoholised

Answer 6

so OH group is not substituted

Question 7

ethanol

Answer 7

test with solvent with hydrogen - dissolve due to hydrogen bonding

Question 8

oxidation of alkenes to diol

Answer 8

Purple to brown solid if MnO2 is formed where its not carried out in acidic conditions
Purple to colourless if reduced to Mn2+ ions when acidified used
(due to double bonds)

Question 9

oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 9

The orange dichromate solution will turn to a green colour as the Cr2O72- ions are reduced to Cr3+.

The purple permanganate solution will turn colourless as the MnO4- ions are reduced to Mn2+.

  other functional groups don’t react with dichromate ion