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Chemistry > Reaction Rates and Equilibrium > Flashcards

Reaction Rates and Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the formula for rate

A

change in concentration/ time (seconds)

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2
Q

what conditions makes a collision effective?

A

1) particles collide with the correct orientation
2) particles have sufficient energy to overcome activation energy

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3
Q

how can you determine rate of reaction??

A

1) measure the decrease in concentration of a reactant
2) measure the increase in concentration of a product

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4
Q

how can you determine rate of reaction of a gas?

A

1) measure decrease in mass of reactants
2) monitor volume of gas at regular time intervals

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5
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

a substance that increases rate of reaction by providing alternate pathway with lower activation energy without being used up

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6
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

a substance that increases rate of reaction by providing alternate pathway with lower activation energy without being used up

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7
Q

what is a homogenous catalyst

A

a catalyst that has the same physical state as the reactants.

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8
Q

how does a homogenous catalyst work?

A

catalyst reacts with reactants to form an intermediate which then breaks down to give the product and regenerate the catalyst

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9
Q

what are 2 examples of homogenous catalust

A

1) making esters with sulfuric acid as a catalyst
ethanoic acid and ethanol react to form the ester ( CH3COOC2H5) and h20
2) ozone depletion with chlorine radicals as catalyst
2o3 + chlorine radical —– 3o2

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10
Q

what are 2 examples of homogenous catalust

A

1) making esters with sulfuric acid as a catalyst
ethanoic acid and ethanol react to form the ester ( CH3COOC2H5) and h20
2) ozone depletion with chlorine radicals as catalyst
2o3 + chlorine radical —– 3o2

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11
Q

what is a heterogenous catalyst

A

A heterogenous catalyst has a different physical state than its reactants

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12
Q

how does a heterogenous catalyst work

A

reactant molecules are weakly adsorbed onto to surface of catalyst where reaction takes place and the product leaves the catalyst by desorption

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13
Q

what is autocatalysis

A

when the product of a reaction acts as a catalyst then speeds up the reaction as more is formed

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14
Q

what does le chateliers principle say

A

when a system in equilibrium is affected by an external , the system adjusts to the change to minimise affect of the change.

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15
Q

what does an increase in temperature shift equilibrium to?

A

increase in temperature shifts equilibrium to the endothermic side

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16
Q

what does a decrease in temperature shift equilibrium to?

A

decrease in temperature shift equilibrium to the exothermic side

17
Q

how does an increase in pressure affect equilibrium position?

A

an increase in pressure shifts equilibrium to the side with fewer moles

18
Q

what is the formula for equilibrium constant?

A

[A]a [B]b

19
Q

what does a Kc value of 1 show?

A

indicates an equilibrium position halfway between reactants and products

20
Q

what does a Kc value of more than one show?

A

indicates equilibrium position is towards products

21
Q

what does a Kc value of less than one show?

A

indicates equilibrium position is towards reactants

22
Q

what colour is chlorine water

A

colourless

23
Q

what colour is bromine water

A

orange

24
Q

what colour is iodine water

A

brown

25
Q

what does chlorine water form when added to KCL

A

colourless, no reaction

26
Q

what colour does chlorine water form when added to KBr

A

orange as bromine is displaced by chlorine and bromine is orange

27
Q

what colour does chlorine water form when added to KI

A

brown as iodine is displaced by chlorine and iodine is brown

28
Q

what colour does chlorine water form when added to KI

A

brown as iodine is displaced by chlorine and iodine is brown

29
Q

what colour does bromine water form when added to KCL

A

no change in colour so remains orange as bromine is less reactive

30
Q

what colour does bromine water form when added to KBr

A

colour remains orange as there is no reaction

31
Q

what colour does bromine water form when added to KI

A

colour turns brown as iodine is displaced by bromine and iodine is brown

32
Q

what colour does iodine water from when added to KCL and KBr and KI

A

colour remains brown as doesnt displace any of the halogens

33
Q

what is the order of reactivity of chlorine, bromine and iodine

A

chlorine> bromine>iodine

Chemistry (18 decks)

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