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chemistry > Chapter 8 Reactivity Trends > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Reactivity Trends Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a reducing agent?

A

an element that reduces another species

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2
Q

what type of reaction is common for group 2 metals?

A

redox ( oxidisation)

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3
Q

what is the general formula for a reaction between group 2 metal and oxygen?

A

MO

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4
Q

what are the products of a group 2 metal reacting with water?

A

An alkaline hydroxide = M(OH)2 + h2

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5
Q

what is the equation for a redox reaction between a metal and a acid

A

metal + acid —- salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

does reactivity increase or decrease down group 2 elements?

A

reactivity increases

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7
Q

why does reactivity increase down group 2?

A

more shells so larger atomic radius and increased shielding affect reducing nuclear attraction to outermost electron therefore reducing ionisation energy

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8
Q

what is the equation for group 2 oxides reacting with water?

A

CaO + H2O —— Ca^+2 + 2OH-

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9
Q

how are group 2 hydroxides formed?

A

Ca+2 + 2OH- ——– Ca(OH)2

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10
Q

are group 2 hydroxides soluble?

A

they are slightly soluble and increase solubility down the group with a solution containing more OH so is more alkaline

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11
Q

what are the uses of group 2 compounds?

A

Calcium Hydroxide is added to fields as lime to increase pH of acidic soils by neutralising acid and forming water
Ca(OH)2 + 2H2 —— Ca+2 + H20

Group 2 bases are used as antacids for treating acid indigestion using mangenium and calcium carbonates with suspension of magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl ——– MgCl2 + H20
CaCO3 + 2HCL ——– CaCl2 + H20 + CO2

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12
Q

which halogens are gas, liquid or solid?

A

Fluorine - pale yellow gas
chlorine - plae green gas
bromine - red-brown liquid
iodine - shiny grey black solid
At - never seen

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13
Q

why does halogens boiling point increase down the group?

A

more electrons so stronger london forces therefore more energy needed to break intermolecular forces as a result boiling point increases

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14
Q

what is the redox reaction for halogen?

A

Cl2 + 2e —— 2Cl-
each halogen atom gains an electron to become reduced forming halide ion. Halogen is an oxidising agent as it has oxidised another species

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15
Q

what is a halogen-halide displacement reaction?

A

halogen displaces halide from solution causing solution to change colour

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16
Q

what does a halogen-halide displacement reaction show?

A

shows that reactivity of halogens decrease down the group

17
Q

what colour is formed from bromine formation?

A

orange

18
Q

what colour is formed from iodine formation?

A

violet

19
Q

can a chloride react with Bromine?

A

no

20
Q

can a bromide react with chlorine?

A

yes

21
Q

can an iodide react with both chlorine and bromine?

A

yes

22
Q

why does reactivity and tendency to gain electron decrease down the halogen group?

A

atomic radius increases and more inner shells so shielding increases which reduces nuclear attraction to gain electron from other species therefore reactivity decreases

23
Q

what is disproportionation?

A

a redox reaction where the same element becomes both oxidised and reduced

24
Q

what is the equation for chlorine with water?

A

Cl2 + h20 —— HClO + HCL
disproportionation takes place

25
Q

what is the equation for chlorine with cold dilute sodium hydroxide?

A

Cl2 + 2NaOH —— NaClO + NaCl + h2O

26
Q

what are the benefits and risks for chlorine use?

A

Benefits:
-kills bacteria in water
-reduces diseases like Typhoid and Cholera in water
Risks:
-it is a respiratory irritant
-toxic gas
- chlorine in water can react with hydrocarbons to form chlorinated hydrocarbons which may cause cancer

27
Q

what is the test for halide ions?

A

halide ions react with silver ions to form precipitates of silver halides
Ag+ + X- —— AgX

28
Q

how are reducing ability of halide ions shown?

A

shown by reacting halides with sulfuric acid
Chlorine ions cannot reduce H2SO4
bromines ions can reduce h2so4 to so2
2h+ + h2so4 + 2br- ———– so2 + br2 + 2h2o
iodine reduces so2 to s and further reduces to hydrogen sulfide h2s

29
Q

What observation is shown if a solution containing iodide ions is added to silver nitrate

A

Cream precipitate

30
Q

What is the order of reactivity of halogens

A

cl>I>br

31
Q

When bromine is displaced it forms brown colour. When iodine is displaced it forms brown colour. How are these differentiated

A

Add organic solvent such as solvent which makes iodine from orange to violet . Chlorine remains green and bromine remains brown

chemistry (18 decks)

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