Reaction Rates Flashcards
what is the activation energy?
minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place
what is the rate of a chemical reaction?
measures how fast a reactant is being used up or how fast a product is formed
how do we calculate rate?
change in concentration/ time
what alters the rate of reaction?
- concentration(or pressure when reactants)
- temperature
- use of catalyst
- surface area of solid reactants
what is the collision theory?
- two reacting particles must collide for a reaction to occur, effective collisions leads to a chemical reaction
what is the condition required for a reaction to be effective?
- particles collide with the correct orientation
- particles have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy
how does increasing concentration affect the rate of reaction?
`- concentration of reactants increases, rate of reaction increases
- increase in the concentration, increases number of particles in the same volume
- particles are closer and collide more frequently
- more effective collisions with correct orientation and sufficient energy
how does increasing pressure affect the rate of reaction?
- when a gas is compressed into a smaller volume, pressure of the gas is increased, so rate of reaction increases
- same number of gas molecules occupy a smaller volume
- gas molecules are closer together and collide more frequently with correct orientation and sufficient energy
how can we follow the progress of a reaction?
- monitoring the decrease in the concentration of reactants during the reaction
- monitoring the increase in the concentration of products during the reaction
what are some ways to follow the progress of a reaction(equipment)?
- gas volume
- mass of reactants and products
- colour
- pH
how can we follow the progress of reactions that produce gases?
- monitor the volume of gas produced at regular intervals using gas collection
- monitor loss of mass of reactants using a balance
