Dynamic Equilibrium Flashcards
what is dynamic equilibrium?
- occurs in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
- the concentrations of reactants and products don’t change
what is Le Chatelier’ principle?
position of dynamic equilibrium shifts to minimise the effect of any change
what is Le Chatelier’s principle applied to?
homogenous equilibrium
what can affect the equilibrium position?
- temperature
- concentration
- pressure
what is homogeneous equilibrium?
all reaction species are in the same state or phase
what happens to equilibrium position if the temperature increases?
increase in temp = endothermic direction (+ve)
- to oppose increase in temp
what happens to equilibrium position if the temperature decreases?
decrease in temp = exothermic direction(-ve)
- to oppose decrease in temp
what happens to equilibrium position if the concentration of reactants increases?
- equilibrium position shifts right to oppose the increase in conc of reactants
what happens to equilibrium position if the concentration of reactants decreases?
- equilibrium position shifts left to oppose the decrease in conc of reactants
what happens to equilibrium position if the concentration of products increases?
- equilibrium position shifts left to oppose the increase in conc of products
what happens to equilibrium position if the concentration of products decreases?
- equilibrium position shifts right to oppose the decrease in conc of products
what does change in pressure affect?
gaseous molecules only
what happens to equilibrium position if the pressure increases?
- pressure increases = favours side with least gas molecules
what happens to equilibrium position if the pressure decreases?
- pressure decreases = favours side with more gas molecules
what effect do catalysts have on equilibrium position?
- no effect on equilibrium position
- increase the rate of both the forward and reverse reaction in equilibrium by the same amount = unchanged equilibrium position
- catalysts do increase the rate of reaction
