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National 5 Chemistry > Reaction Rate + Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Reaction Rate + Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the reactants?

A

The substances that react together

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2
Q

What are the products?

A

The substances formed at the end of the reaction

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3
Q

What needs to happen for a reaction to take place?

A

The reactants must collide with sufficient energy so they can chemically bond.

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4
Q

What is reaction rate?

A

The speed at which a reaction takes place

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5
Q

Order these chemical reactions in order of slow to fast reaction time:

Boiling an egg
Decomposition
Toasting bread
Mentos + coke reaction
Iron rusting

A

Decomposition
Iron rusting
Boiling an egg
Toasting bread
Mentos + coke reaction

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6
Q

Why would the chemical industry need to speed up a reaction?

A

To make more products in as short a time as possible in order to maximise profits.

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7
Q

Why would the chemical industry need to slow down a reaction?

A

If a reaction is too energetic they need to slow it down.

If it is not slowed down, then this can be dangerous.

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8
Q

What are the 4 ways of altering reaction rate?

A
  1. Increasing the temperature increases reaction rate
  2. Increasing the “surface area” increases reaction rate
  3. Adding a catalyst increases reaction rate
  4. Increasing concentration increases reaction rate
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9
Q

How can temperature cause an increase in reaction rate?

A

Temperature is related to kinetic energy. As things get hotter, their atoms move faster. This means that their is a higher chance for a successful collision.

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10
Q

How does concentration increase reaction rate?

A

It is because there are now more atoms/molecules in the same volume. This means that there is now a greater chance of a successful collision.

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11
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a catalyst?

A

Catalysts can be reused because it remains unchanged (after being used in a reaction).

They lower the temperature of a reaction.

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13
Q

What are one of the main cons of catalysts?

A

They are expensive.

eg: 20g of palladium = £642.80

eg: 20g of rhodium = £2141.60

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14
Q

How can we monitor how long a reaction takes?

A

We can:

  • measure the time it takes for a gas to be produced
  • measure how long it takes for the concentration to change

PLEASE REFER TO DIAGRAMS IN YOUR JOTTER RELATING TO THIS QUESTION, AND COMMIT THEM TO MEMORY.

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15
Q

Practise drawing apparatus for monitoring a reaction.

A

Do it closed-book. Rate by seeing how well you do.

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16
Q

What can we produce from monitoring a reaction?

A

We can produce a table and then a graph

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17
Q

What is the formula for counting average rate?

A

Average rate = Δquantity/Δtime

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18
Q

Imagine you have drawn a graph that produces a gas. The gas is collected and its volume was measured every minute. What will the height of the graph tell us?

A

The height tells us how much gas is produced

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19
Q

How do you know when the reaction has stopped on the graph?

A

The point where it becomes horizontal, it stops

20
Q

What tells you on a graph how fast the reaction was?

A

The steeper the gradient, the faster the reaction.

21
Q

How many elements are there on the periodic table?

A

118

22
Q

What are different ways that the PT can be arranged?

A

Solids (105), liquids (2), and gases (11)

Metals (96) & Non-metals (22)

23
Q

What’s the standard way of arranging the PT?

A

Periods and groups and the number of protons in the nucleus.

24
Q

What are the named groups in the PT?

A

Group 1: The Alkali Metals
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
Between groups 2 & 3: Transition Metals
Group 7: The Halogens
Group 8: The Noble Gases

25
Q

How are elements sorted in their groups?

A

Elements which have similar chemical properties are found in the same groups.

26
Q

What do atoms all have?

A

A central nucleus and energy levels

27
Q

What 2 sub-atomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and Neutrons

28
Q

Where is the 3rd particle of the atom found?

A

The electron is found orbiting the nucleus inside energy levels

29
Q

What does every neutrally-charged element have the same number of?

A

Every elements has the same number of protons as electrons

30
Q

What is the number of protons in an atom called?

A

The Atomic Number

31
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1 a.m.u

32
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

1+

33
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1 a.m.u

34
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

35
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

The overall charge is 0. I.E: it is neutral

36
Q

Where is most of an atoms mass located?

A

In the nucleus

37
Q

How is the mass number calculated?

A

The number of protons + neutrons added together.

38
Q

How can the number of neutrons be calculated?

A

Mass number - Atomic number

39
Q

How is nuclide notation put together?

A

m
E
a

40
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

41
Q

What can a spectrometer identify about an element?

A

How many isotopes there are

The mass number of each

The abundance of each

42
Q

True or False? Most elements have two or more isotopes.

A

True

43
Q

True or False? The electron arrangement of the first 20 elements can be written

A

True

44
Q

How does surface area increase reaction rate?

A

We increase surface area by making the solid break up into smaller pieces, ie: we decrease particle size. By breaking up the solid we expose new surface. The greater the surface area, the higher chance of a successful collision.

45
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

1/2000th a.m.u

National 5 Chemistry (5 decks)

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