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AQA A Level Chemistry > Reaction pathways & conditions > Flashcards

Reaction pathways & conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alkane to Alkene?

A

Cracking, various conditions

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2
Q

What is the mechanism & coniditions for Alkene to Alkane?

A

Hydrogen, Nickel catalyst, 150 degrees, 5 atm
Addition reaction

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3
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alkene to Alcohol?

A

Steam, 300 degrees, Conc. H3PO4 catalyst

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4
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alcohol to Alkene?

A

Al2O3, 300 degrees, or conc. H2SO4 under reflux
Elimination reaction

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5
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alkane to Halogenoalkane?

A

Halogen & UV Light
Substitution reaction

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6
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Halogenoalkane to Alcohol?

A

NaOH (aq), heat under reflux
Substitution reaction

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7
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alcohol to Aldehyde?

A

Primary alcohols only; Acidified Potassium dichromate & distill the mixture.
Oxidation reaction

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8
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for alcohol to Ketone?

A

Secondary alcohols only, Acidified potassium dichromate & heat under reflux.
Oxidation reaction

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9
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for alcohol to Carboxylic acid?

A

Primary alcohols only, Acidified potassium dichromate & heat under reflux
Oxidation reaction

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10
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate, heat under reflux
Oxidation reaction

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11
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alcohol to Ether?

A

Heat with Sulfuric acid, Primary alcohols only
Elimination reaction

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12
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Alkene to Halogenoalkane?

A

Hydrogen halide, room temperature
Addition reaction

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13
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Halogenoalkene to Alkene?

A

Hot concentrated Potassium Hydroxide in an ethanolic solution
Elimination reaction

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14
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Aldehyde to Alcohol?

A

NaBH4 (aq), heat
Reduction reaction

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15
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Ketone to Alcohol?

A

NaBH4 (aq), alkaline solution, heat
Reduction reaction

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16
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Carboxylic acid to alcohol?

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
Reduction reaction

17
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Halogenoalkane to Nitrile?

A

Potassium cyanide ethanolic solution, heat under reflux
Substitution reaction

18
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Halogenoalkane to Amine?

A

Concentrated Ammonia, heat in a sealed tube
Substitution reaction

19
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Nitrile to Amine?

A

LiAlH4 in ether
Reduction reaction

20
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Amide to Amine?

A

LiAlH4 in ether
Reduction reaction

21
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for a Nitrile to a Carboxylic acid?

A

Aqueous H+, heat under reflux
Hydrolysis reaction

22
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for a nitrile to an Amide?

A

Water & an acid/base catalyst
Hydrolysis reaction

23
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for an Amide to a Nitrile?

A

P2O5, distill
Elimination reaction

24
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for amide to carboxylic acid?

A

Sulfuric acid & heat
Hydrolysis reaction

25
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for carboxylic acid to Acyl chloride?

A

PCl3, heat under reflux
Substitution reaction

26
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid?

A

Add it to water
Hydrolysis reaction

27
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Carboxylic acid to Ester?

A

Alcohol prescence, concentrated Sulfuric acid catalyst
Esterification reaction

28
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Ester to Carboxylic Acid?

A

Reflux with H+ or OH-
Hydrolysis reaction

29
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Acyl Chloride to Amide?

A

Conc. ammonia & room temp for a primary amide
Reaction with an amine under reflux gives secondary amide
Both Acylation reactions

30
Q

What is the mechanism & conditions for Acyl Chloride to Ester?

A

Prescence of Alcohol, room temp
Acylation reaction

AQA A Level Chemistry (25 decks)

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