Organic Chapter 1: Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
What is a General Formula?
An algebraic formula that represents an entire family of compounds
e.g. CnH2n+1OH for alcohols
What is an Empirical formula?
A formula that shows the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is a molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
What is a Structural formula?
A formula that shows the atoms carbon-by-carbon.
e.g. CH3CH2CH3
What is a Skeletal formula?
A formula that shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups. Hydrogens aren’t shown.
What is a displayed formula?
A formula that shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.
What is a Homologous Series?
A group of compounds that contain the same functional group, all represented by the same general formula.
What is the prefix/suffix for an alkane?
-ane
What is the prefix/suffix for a branched alkane?
alkyl-
What is the prefix/suffix for an alkene?
-ene
What is the prefix/suffix for a halogenoalkane?
Flouro/Chloro/Bromo/Iodo-
What is the prefix/suffix for an alcohol?
-ol
What is the prefix/suffix for an aldehyde?
-al
What is the prefix/suffix for a ketone?
-one
What is the prefix/suffix for a carboxylic acid?
-oic acid
What is the prefix/suffix for an ester?
alkyl- -oate