REACTION PATHWAYS Flashcards by thiyara dhanapala

Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide
electrophilic addition

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Q

alkene to alcohol

A

steam, H3PO4
hydration

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Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2, Ni catalyst
electrophilic addition

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Q

alcohol to alkene

A

conc H3PO4/ H2SO4, heat
elimination

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Q

alcohol to haloalkane

A

NaX, H2SO4
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

halogen, UV light
free radical substitution

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Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
distillation
oxidation

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Q

secondary alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
reflux
oxidation

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Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
reflux
oxidation

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Q

aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4, H2O
reduction

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Q

ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4, H2O
reduction

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Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

NaCN
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

haloalkane to amine

A

NH3, ethanol
nucleophilic substitution

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Q

nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O, HCl, heat
hydrolysis

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Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN, H+
nucleophilic addition

Q

alcohol to ester

A

carboxylic acid, H2SO4
esterification

Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

alcohol, H2SO4
esterification

Q

ester to carboxylate salt and alcohol

A

NaOH
alkaline hydrolysis

Q

ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol

A

dilute acid, heat
acid hydrolysis

Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2
chlorination

Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O
hydrolysis

Q

acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3
nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

primary amine
nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

benzene to methylbenzene

A

CH3Cl, AlCl3
electrophilic substitution

Q

benzene to bromobenzene

A

Br2, FeBr3
electrophilic substitution

Q

benzene to chlorobenzene

A

Cl2, AlCl3
electrophilic substitution

Q

benzene to nitrobenzene

A

HNO3, H2SO4
electrophilic substitution

Q

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

Sn, HCl
reduction