foundations in chemistry Flashcards
hydroxide ion
OH-
nitrate ion
NO3-
ammonium ion
NH4+
sulfate ion
SO4 2-
carbonate ion
CO3 2-
structure of sodium chloride
giant ionic structure
why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten/ dissolved in solution
ions are free to move around
why do ionic compounds have a high mp
strong electrostatic forces
between oppositely charged ions
require lots of energy to overcome
what is covalent bonding
sharing of outer e- in order for atoms to obtain a full outer shell
electrostatic attraction between shared e- and pos nucleus
what are dative covalent/ coordinate bonds
when 1 atom donated 2 e- to an atom or ion to form a bond
eg of dative covalent bonding
ammonium
generally what happens to the bond angle when a lone pair is added
decreases by 2.5
BeCl2 shape and bond angle
2 bond pairs
0 lone pairs
linear
180
BF3 shape and bond angle
3 bond pair
0 lone pair
trigonal planar
120
CH4 shape and bond angle
4 lone pair
0 bond pair
tetraheldral
109.5
PCl5 shape and bond angle
5 bond pairs
0 lone pairs
trigonal bipyrimidal
90
120
SF6 shape and bond angle
6 bond pairs
0 lone pairs
octahedral
90
NH3 shape and bond angle
3 bond pair
1 lone pair
trigonal pyramidal
107
H20 shape and bond angle
2 bond pair
2 lone pair
bent
104.5
ClF3 shape and bond angle
3 bond pair
2 lone pair
trigonal planar
120