periodic table and energy

Question 1

halide ions test

Answer 1

dissolve in nitric acid- prevent false pos from carbonate ions ppt out w Ag+
silver nitrate drowse
AgX ppt
cl white
br cream
I yellow
ammonia follow up test
cl dissolves in dilute
br in conc
I doesn’t

Question 2

carbonates test

Answer 2

aqueous hcl
gas produced tested in limewater Ca(OH)2
effervescence cos co2 produced

Question 3

sulfates test

Answer 3

acidify w dilute hcl
few drops of aqueous barium chloride
white ppt of BaSO4

Question 4

ammonium ions test

Answer 4

aqueous sodium hydroxide
ammonia gas produced
very soluble in water so no effervescence
pungent smell/ red litmus paper blue

Question 5

ionisation energy definition

Answer 5

energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms of an element in a gaseous state to form one mole of gaseous ions

Question 6

factors that affect ionisation energy

Answer 6

atomic radius
nuclear charge
electron shielding

Question 7

change in ionisation energy across a period

Answer 7

increases
nuclear charge increases so more nuclear attraction
no significant change in atomic radius
shielding same

Question 8

change in ionisation energy down a group

Answer 8

decreases
nuclear charge increases
atomic radius increases
shielding increases
nuclear attraction decreases

Question 9

why is there a rapid decrease in ionisation energy between the last element in one period and the first in the next

Answer 9

increased atomic radius
increased shielding
these 2 factors outweigh increased atomic charge

Question 10

Cl2 colour in aqueous solution

Answer 10

pale green

Question 11

Br2 colour in aqueous solution

Answer 11

yellow

Question 12

I2 colour in aqueous solution

Answer 12

brown

Question 13

Cl2 colour in organic solution

Answer 13

colourless

Question 14

Br2 colour in organic solution

Answer 14

yellow

Question 15

I2 colour in organic solution

Answer 15

purple

Question 16

list the halogens in order of decreasing reactivity

Answer 16

Cl
Br
I

Question 17

what colour are halide salts

Answer 17

colourless

Question 18

why is organic solvent added after a displacement reaction between aqueous halide salt and aqueous halogen solution

Answer 18

to confirm a displacement reaction has taken place

Question 19

what type of reaction occurs between
aqueous halide salt
and
aqueous halogen solution

Answer 19

displacement

Question 20

group 2 reactivity trend down group

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

does Be react w water

Answer 21

no

Question 22

group 2 metal + water

Answer 22

group 2 hydroxide

Question 23

how does Mg react w water?

Answer 23

slowly w cold
vigorously w steam to produce MgO instead of Mg(OH)2

Question 24

group 2 metal + oxygen

Answer 24

group 2 oxide

Question 25

what are group 2 oxides

Answer 25

white solids

Question 26

group 2 oxide + water

Answer 26

group 2 hydroxide
which dissociates to form OH-

Question 27

how does MgO react w water?

Answer 27

very slowly
hydroxide barely dissolves

Question 28

pH trend of group 2 oxides down group

Answer 28

increases
more alkaline
because hydroxides become more soluble

Question 29

use of Ca(OH)2

Answer 29

neutralise acidic soils

Question 30

use of Mg(OH)2

Answer 30

neutralise excess stomach acid

Question 31

colour and state of fluorine

Answer 31

pale yellow
gas

Question 32

colour and state of chlorine

Answer 32

pale green
gas

Question 33

colour and state of bromine

Answer 33

brown- orange
liquid

Question 34

colour and state of iodine

Answer 34

grey
solid

Question 35

trend in electronegativity of halogens

Answer 35

decreases down group
atoms get larger
nuclear attraction decreases
shielding increases

Question 36

Cl2 + 2NaOH

Answer 36

NaClO + NaCl + H2O
NaClO is bleach/ sodium chlorate (1)