Reaction Pathways Flashcards
haloalkane + NaOH
alcohol
haloalkane + NH3
amine
haloalkane + KCN
nitrile
primary alcohol + CrO7
aldehyde + carboxylic acid
secondary alcohol + MnO4
ketone
alcohol + carboxylic acid + H2SO4
ester
alkene + H3PO4
alcohol (hydration)
where does addition happen
in unsaturated molecules
they want to become saturated
hydrogenation
add H + Ni
halogenation
add halogen
symmetrical alkene will produce..
1 product
types of addition reactions
hydrogenation, hydration, halogenation, hydrohalogenation
elimination reactions
reverse of addition
add a double bond
conditions for haloalkanes
heat, ethanol
conditions for alkanes
uv light
conditions for polymerization
high pressure, heat, catalyst
conditions for hydrogenation
metal catalyst
conditions for hydration
high pressure and temp
conditions for alcohols
K2Cr2O7 (dichromate)
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
test for alcohols
acidified potassium dichromate
primary + secondary will turn green
tertiary will remain orange
conditions for elimination
reflux, ethanol, NaOH
conditions for ester
heat, sulfuric acid
test for carboxylic acid
reacts with OH and sulfuric acid to create an ester (forms a sweet-smelling compound)
test for unsaturation
Add Br2
red-brown colour goes away if the compound is alkene
test for acids
if its acidic, it will react with sodium hydrogen carbonate to evolve CO2
