Carbohydrates

Question 1

describe amylose

Answer 1

1,4-glycosidic linkages
coil into helices -> OH groups hidden -> insoluble in cold water
high density

Question 2

describe amylopectin

Answer 2

both 1,4 and 1,6-glycosidic linkages
branched -> OH groups exposed -> soluble in cold water
low density

Question 3

describe cellulose

Answer 3

alternating creates strong and tight structure
insoluble in cold water

Question 4

lipids

Answer 4

insoluble in water (lipids are non-polar)
soluble in organic solvents

Question 5

difference between starch and cellulose

Answer 5

S has alpha linkage, digestion is done by amylase. C has beta linkage, cannot be broken down by amylase

Question 6

glycogen

Answer 6

storage form of glucose in liver

Question 7

HDPE vs LDPE

Answer 7

HDPE - strongest due to limited branching
LDPE - weaker due to significant branching

Question 8

atactic

Answer 8

random orientation
prevents stacking and restricts attractive forces
low melting point

Question 9

isotactic

Answer 9

same side
allows stacking and strong attractive forces
high melting point

Question 10

syntactic

Answer 10

alternating
middle between atactic and isotactic

Question 11

Polytetrafluoroethene

Answer 11

non-polar -> hydrophic -> insoluble in water

Question 12

properties of LDPE

Answer 12

low melting point
low density
non-crystalline

Question 13

advantages of synthetic

Answer 13

readily available fossil fuels
durable
low density

Question 14

disadvantages of synthetic

Answer 14

non-renewable fossil fuels
not biodegradable
form toxic fumes and pollution from combustion