Carbohydrates

Question 1

describe amylose

Answer 1

1,4-glycosidic linkages
coil into helices -> OH groups hidden -> insoluble in cold water
high density

Question 2

describe amylopectin

Answer 2

both 1,4 and 1,6-glycosidic linkages
branched -> OH groups exposed -> soluble in cold water
low density

Question 3

describe cellulose

Answer 3

linear sheets
insoluble in cold water

Question 4

lipids

Answer 4

insoluble in water (lipids are non-polar)
soluble in organic solvents

Question 5

difference between starch and cellulose

Answer 5

S has alpha linkage, digestion is done by amylase. C has beta linkage, cannot be broken down by amylase

Question 6

glycogen

Answer 6

storage form of glucose in liver

Question 7

HDPE vs LDPE

Answer 7

HDPE - strongest due to limited branching
LDPE - weaker due to significant branching

Question 8

atactic

Answer 8

random orientation
prevents stacking and restricts attractive forces
low melting point

Question 9

isotactic

Answer 9

same side
allows stacking and strong attractive forces
high melting point

Question 10

syntactic

Answer 10

alternating
middle between atactic and isotactic

Question 11

Polytetrafluoroethene

Answer 11

non-polar -> hydrophic -> insoluble in water

Question 12

properties of LDPE

Answer 12

low melting point
low density
non-crystalline

Question 13

advantages of synthetic

Answer 13

readily available fossil fuels
durable
low density

Question 14

disadvantages of synthetic

Answer 14

non-renewable fossil fuels
not biodegradable
form toxic fumes and pollution from combustion

Question 15

types of monosaccarides

Answer 15

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 16

types of double sugars

Answer 16

lactose, sucrose, maltose

Question 17

types of poly sugars

Answer 17

cellulose, glycogen, starch (can be stored)