Reaction Mechanisms Flashcards
1
Q
Homolytic fission
A
- Breaking covalent bond
- each atom takes an electron from the bond to form 2 radicals
2
Q
Heterolytic fission
A
- breaking covalent bong
- the more electronegative atom takes both electrons
- forms positive and negative ion
3
Q
nulceophile
A
- electron rich species
- can donate pair of e-
- -
4
Q
Electrophile
A
- electron deficient species
- can accept pair of electrons
- +
5
Q
Addition reaction
A
- organic reaction
- two or more molecules combine
- gives SINGLE product
6
Q
Substitution reaction
A
- replacing an atoms or group of atoms with another
7
Q
Elimination reaction
A
- a small molecule (H2O or HCl) is removed
- from an organic molecule
8
Q
Hydrolysis
A
- reaction where compound broken down
- by water
- (or dilute acids or alkalis)
9
Q
Condensation
A
- two organic molecules
- join together
- eliminating a small molecule in the process
- (eg: HCl or H2O)
10
Q
Oxidation
A
- oxygen added to a molecule
Or - electrons lost
Or - oxidation number is increased
11
Q
Reduction
A
- oxygen removed
Or - electrons added
Or - oxidation number increased
12
Q
Free radical
A
Species with one or more than one UNPAIRED electrons
13
Q
Three steps of FR substitution
A
1) initiation
2) propagation 1 and 2
3) termination
14
Q
Initiation
A
- breaking of covalent bond
- using energy from UV light
- forms two free radicals
Eg: Cl2 —UV—> 2Cl.
15
Q
Propagation
A
- free radical attacks reactant molecule
- to form another free radical
(Chain reaction)
