reaction conditions and types Flashcards
conditions to convert a alkene to a poly(alkene)
-high pressure,
-catalyst
condition and mechanism to convert an alkene to a dihalogenoalkane
-Br2 or Cl2,
-room temperature,
mechanism- electrophilic addition
condition and mechanism to convert dihalogenoalkane to a diol
-aqueous KOH,
-heat under reflux
mechanism- nucleophilic substitution
conditions to covert an alkene to an alcohol
1- add H2SO4
mechanism electrophilic addiction
2- H2O, warm
mechanism- hydrolysis
conditions to convert an alcohol to an alkene
-concentrated H2SO4 or concentrated H3PO4
mechanism- elimination (dehydration)
conditions to convert an alcohol (primary) to an aldehyde
-acidified potassium dichromate
-heat and distill
-(partial) oxidation
conditions to convert an alcohol (secondary) to a ketone
-acidified potassium dichromate
-heat and distill
-oxidation
conditions to convert an aldehyde to a alcohol
-NaBH4
-reduction
-nucleophilic addiction
conditions to convert an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid
-acidified potassium dichromate
-reflux in excess oxidising agent
-oxidation
conditions to convert an aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile
-HCN or NaCN
-H2SO4
-nucleophilic addition
conditions to convert a ketone to an alcohol
-NaBH4
-reduced
-nucleophilic addition
conditions to convert a ketone to a hydroxynitrile
-HCN or NaCN
-H2SO4
-nucleophilic addition
conditions to convert a carboxylic acid to an ester
-alcohol
-H2SO4
-heat
-esterification
conditions to convert an alcohol to an ester
-carboxylic acid
-H2SO4
-heat
-esterification
conditions to convert an acyl chloride or acid anhydride to an ester
-alcohol
-room temperature
-nucleophilic addition elimination
conditions to convert an acyl chloride or an acid anhydride to a carboxylic acid
-H2O
-room temperature
-nucleophilic addition elimination
conditions to convert an acyl chloride or an acid anhydride to a primary amide
-NH3
-room temperature
-nucleophilic addition elimination
conditions to convert an acyl chloride or an acid anhydride to a secondary amide
-primary amine
-room temperature
-nucleophilic addition elimination
conditions to convert a primary amide to a secondary amide
-acyl chloride
-room temperature
-nucleophilic addition elmination
conditions to convert a conditions to convert a primary amide to a secondary to tertiary amide or a quaternary salt
-halogenoalkane
-nucleophilic substitution
conditions to convert a nitrile to a primary amine
-LiAlH4 and dry ether
-dilute acid
or H2 and Ni catalyst
-high temperature and pressure
-reduction
conditions to convert a halogenoalkane to a nitrile
-KCN in ethanol
-water mixture
-heat under reflux
-nucleophilic substitution
conditions to convert a halogenoalkane to a primary amine
-alcoholic NH3
-heat under pressure
-nucleophilic substitution
conditions to convert a halogenoalkane to an alcohol
-KOH aqueous
-heat under reflux
-nucleophilic substitution
conditions to convert a halogenoalkane to an alkene
-KOH alcoholic
-heat under reflux
-elimination
conditions to convert an alkene to a halogenoalkane
-HBr or HCl
-room temperature
-electrophilic addition
conditions to convert an alkane to a halogenoalkane
-Br2 or Cl2
-UV light
-free radical substitution
conditions to convert benzene to a phenylketone
-RCOCl
-AlCl3 catalyst
-reflux
-non-aqueous environment
-acylation
conditions to convert benzene to nitrobenzene
-Conc H2SO4 (catalyst)
-Conc HNO3
-below 55 degrees
-nitration
NO2+ (+ on N not O) genetated by
HNO3 + H2SO4 –> NO2+ + HSO4- + H2O
conditions to convert nitrobenzene to phenylamine
-Sn
-Conc HCl
-reflux
-NaOH
-reduction
conditions to convert phenylamine to N-phenylethanamide
-CH3COCl
-25 degrees
-addition elimination
conditions to convert a halogenoalkane to a nitrile
-reagent KCN
-condition aqueous and ethanol
