RE - Volcanoes (Facts + Nyiragongo)

Question 1

What is a volcano an example of?

Answer 1

A natural hazard

Question 2

What plates are volcanoes found at?

Answer 2

Destructive and constructive plate margins

Question 3

What happens at a destructive plate margin?

Answer 3

The oceanic plate goes under the continental plate because it is more dense (also creates oceanic trench)

Question 4

How is the volcano formed at the destructive plate margin? Detail

Answer 4

The oceanic plate moves down into the mantle, where it is melted and destroyed. This causes a pool of magma which rises through the cracks in the crust called vents. The magma erupts onto the surface forming the volcano.

Question 5

How is the volcano formed at the constructive plate margin?

Answer 5

The magma rises up into the gap created by the plates moving apart, forming a volcano

Question 6

What is a hotspot?

Answer 6

Where some volcanoes form over parts of the mantle that are really hot

Question 7

What is the area around the Pacific Ocean called?

Answer 7

“The Pacific Ring of Fire”

An area prone to volcano

Question 8

What are the three different types of volcanos?

Answer 8

• Composite volcanoes
• Shield volcanoes
• Dome volcanoes

Question 9

Give some characteristics of a composite volcano

Answer 9

• Steep-sided volcano
• Made up of ash and lava that erupts
• Lava and ash cools hardening into layers
• Lava is thick and flows slowly
• Eruptions infrequent but often violent

Question 10

Give some characteristics of a shield volcano

Answer 10

• Low, flat volcano
• Made up of only lava (layers of lava)
• Lava is runny (flows quickly)
• Eruptions frequent and non-violent

Question 11

Give some characteristics of a dome volcano

Answer 11

• Steep-sided volcano
• Made up of only lava
• Lava is thick (flows slowly and hardens quickly)

Question 12

How can scientists predict volcanic eruptions in advance?

Answer 12

They can monitor the signs before a volcanic eruptions. Things such as tiny earthquakes, escaping gas, and changes in the shape of volcano (bulges in the land where magma has built up under it) all means an eruption is likely.

Question 13

Why should scientists predict volcanic eruptions in advance?

Answer 13

Because millions of people live where volcanic eruptions can happen. With so many lives at risk, its important to try and predict eruptions, so the damage caused can be minimised.

Question 14

What is our LEDC case study for volcanoes?

Answer 14

Nyiragongo, Africa 2002

Question 15

How was the Nyiragongo disturbed in the Democratic Republic of Congo?

Answer 15

By the movement of plates along the East African rift valley

Question 16

What did the movement of the East African rift valley cause?

Answer 16

It led to lava spilling southwards in three streams. The speed of the lava reached 60kph.

Question 17

What are primary effects?

Answer 17

The immediate effects of the eruption, caused directly by it

Question 18

What were the primary effects of the Nyiragongo volcano?

Answer 18

• The lava flowed across the Goma airport, and through the town splitting it in half
• Lava destroyed many homes
• Roads and water pipes were destroyed
• Explosions in fuel stores and power plants killed 45 people

Question 19

What are secondary effects?

Answer 19

The aftereffects that occur as an indirect effect of the eruption on a longer timescale

Question 22

What were the secondary effects of the Nyiragongo volcano?

Answer 22

• Half a million people fled Goma into neighbouring Rwanda (spent the night sleeping on the streets of Gisenyi. There was no electricity, shelter or clean water)
• ## Diseases such as cholera were at risk

Question 23

How was the Nyiragongo disturbed in the Democratic Republic of Congo?

Answer 23

By the movement of plates along the East African rift valley

Question 24

What did the movement of the East African rift valley cause?

Answer 24

It led to lava spilling southwards in three streams. The speed of the lava reached 60kph.

Question 25

What were the primary effects of the Nyiragongo volcano?

Answer 25

• The lava flowed across the Goma airport, and through the town splitting it in half
• Lava destroyed many homes
• Roads and water pipes were destroyed
• Explosions in fuel stores and power plants killed 45 people

Question 26

What were the secondary effects of the Nyiragongo volcano?

Answer 26

• Half a million people fled Goma into neighbouring Rwanda (spent the night sleeping on the streets of Gisenyi. There was no electricity, shelter or clean water)
• Diseases such as cholera were at risk

Question 27

What was a problem in Goma that sent residents back?

Answer 27

Looting was a problem - they returned in hope of receiving aid

Question 28

What aid was given after the Nyirogongo volcano?

Answer 28

• Water was supplied in tankers

- Aid agencies, including Christian Aid and Oxfam,, were involved in the distribution of food, medicine and blankets