Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > RDS and BPD > Flashcards

RDS and BPD Flashcards

1
Q

When is prophylactic surfactant administered?

A

administered after initial stabilization about around 15 minutes after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is rescue surfactant administered?

A

When clinical signs and symptoms of RDS are present and surfactant indications are met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What evidence supports redosing surfactant?

A

shown to improve oxygenation, decrease ventilatory requirements, and decrease risks of air leaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is surfactant administered?

A
  1. ETT
  2. LMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is surfactant dosed?

A

manufacturer specific, 75-100 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How should the infant be positioned for surfactant replacement therapy?

A

Rotate infant to have the side being administered be down, rapidly deliver surfactant, wait ten seconds, rotate sides and repeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the indications for surfactant replacement therapy?

A
  1. RDS
  2. Pulmonary hemorrhage
  3. meconium aspiration syndrome
  4. PNA and sepsis
  5. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia MAYBE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are complications associated with surfactant delivery?

A
  1. transient airway obstruction
  2. hypoxia
  3. bradycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define respiratory distress syndrome

A

severe impairment of respiratory function due to a decrease in surfactant production which causes low alveolar compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the primary etiology of RDS?

A

underdevelopment of the lung related to prematurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of RDS

A
  1. Surfactant deficiency
  2. Decreased surface area for gas exchange
  3. Thick AC membrane
  4. Overly compliant chest wall
  5. Under developed vascularization
  6. Pulmonary edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does RDS present?

A
  1. Respiratory distress within minutes or hours after birth
  2. Apnea, tachycardia, nasal flaring, grunting, intercostal and subcostal retractions, cyanosis, bradycardia, hypoxemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the CXR of an infant with RDS look like?

A
  1. reticulogranular pattern
  2. rough grainy appearing lung tissue
  3. ground glass
  4. peripheral air bronchograms
  5. Alveolar collapse-low lung volumes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is RDS managed?

A
  1. Prevention of premature delivery
  2. corticosteroids
  3. Proper delivery room management
  4. surfactant replacement therapy
  5. Respiratory support as needed
  6. Mechanical ventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are infants with RDS at increased risk for?

A

air leak syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can RDS develop into?

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

17
Q

What characterized the “old BPD”?

A
  1. Airway injury due to mechanical ventilation
  2. Volutrauma, barotrauma, atelectrauma and oxygen toxicity
18
Q

What characterizes the “new BPD”?

A

arrest of lung development

19
Q

What are the 7 P’s of bronchopulmonary displacia?

A
  1. Prematurity
  2. Positive pressure ventilation
  3. Prolonged O2 exposure
  4. Protracted use of ETT
  5. Pulmonary edema
  6. Pulmonary air leak
  7. Proinflammatory cascade
20
Q

Describe the pathology of the alveoli in BPD

A
  1. Decreased septation and alveolar hypoplasia
  2. Fewer and larger alveoli
  3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange
21
Q

Describe the pathology of the vasculature in BPD

A
  1. Dysregulation of pulmonary vasculature development
  2. Thickened layer of pulmonary arterioles
  3. Increased PVR
22
Q

Describe the pathology of the interstitial tissue in BPD

A
  1. Increased elastic tissue formation and thickened interstitium
23
Q

How does decreased septation and alveolar hypoplasia affect pulmonary function?

A

Decreases area for gas exchange

24
Q

How does dysregulation of pulmonary vasculature development affect pulmonary function?

A

Increases PVR

25
Q

How does the thickening of elastic tissue formation and thickening in the interstitial tissue affect pulmonary function?

A

Further compromises septation and capillary development

26
Q

How does BPD present?

A
  1. Deteriorating lung function and increased ventilatory requirements and oxygen requirements
27
Q

How is BPD managed?

A
  1. Managed via prevention
  2. Systemic steroids
  3. Diuretic therapy
  4. Inhaled bronchodilators
  5. Optimization of nutrition
28
Q

Suggest ventilator settings for a patient with BPD

A

High VT: 8-12 ml/kg
Low RR: 10-20 bpm
PIP: >25 cm H2O
Prolonged Ti: >0.6

29
Q

What pulmonary complications are associated with BPD?

A
  1. Airway obstruction
  2. Tracheomalacia/bronchomalacia
  3. Pulmonary hypertension
30
Q

T/F: Once a child recovers from BPD, they will not experience re-occuring issues

A

False. 50% of children will require rehospitalization in the first 2 years of life and can experience increases in emergency department visits, systemic corticoid use, antibiotic use, and days with difficulty breathing

Pediatrics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions