Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation

Question 1

What is a normal ABG for a preterm infant?

Answer 1

> 7.25/45-55/45-65/20-24

Question 2

What is a normal ABG for a term newborn at birth?

Answer 2

7.26-7.29/55/70/20

Question 3

What is a normal ABG for a term newborn after 24 hours?

Answer 3

7.37/33/90/20

Question 4

What is a normal ABG for a infant 1-24 months old?

Answer 4

7.40/35/90/20

Question 5

What are ABG sampling alternatives?

Answer 5

1. Indwelling umbilical arterial catheter
2. Indwelling peripheral artery catheter
3. Arterial puncture
4. Capillary sample
5. Transcutaneous monitoring

Question 6

What is kind of ABG would be targeted in a patient with reduced lung compliance?

Answer 6

1. Permissive hypercarbia
2. Early stage pH of 7.25-7.35
3. Late stage pH of 7.30-7.35

Question 7

What is the SpO2 target for fullterm infants without pulmonary or cardiac disorders?

Answer 7

> 93-95%

Question 8

What ETT size would be used in a 3 kg neonate?

Answer 8

3.0

Question 9

What ETT size would be used in a neonate weighing less than 3 kg?

Answer 9

2.5 or 2.0

Question 10

What ETT size would be used in a neonate weighing more than 3 kg?

Answer 10

3.5

Question 11

What is the formula for determining insertion depth of the ETT?

Answer 11

ETT size x 3 = insertion depth

Question 12

What are the hemodynamic impacts of neonatal intubation?

Answer 12

Apnea
Bradycardia
hypotension

Question 13

What medication can be given during intubation to mitigate the hemodynamic impacts of the procedure?

Answer 13

Atropine = increases HR

Question 14

Where should the tip of the ETT be placed in relation to the carina in neonates?

Answer 14

1-2 cm above the carina

Question 15

What are the initial ventilator settings for neonates?

Answer 15

Mode: Pressure or volume
VT: 4-6 ml/kg
PIP: <28
RR: 20-40
PEEP: 3-5
Itime 0.3-0.7