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Pediatrics > Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation > Flashcards

Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal ABG for a preterm infant?

A

> 7.25/45-55/45-65/20-24

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2
Q

What is a normal ABG for a term newborn at birth?

A

7.26-7.29/55/70/20

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3
Q

What is a normal ABG for a term newborn after 24 hours?

A

7.37/33/90/20

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4
Q

What is a normal ABG for a infant 1-24 months old?

A

7.40/35/90/20

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5
Q

What are ABG sampling alternatives?

A
  1. Indwelling umbilical arterial catheter
  2. Indwelling peripheral artery catheter
  3. Arterial puncture
  4. Capillary sample
  5. Transcutaneous monitoring
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6
Q

What is kind of ABG would be targeted in a patient with reduced lung compliance?

A
  1. Permissive hypercarbia
  2. Early stage pH of 7.25-7.35
  3. Late stage pH of 7.30-7.35
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7
Q

What is the SpO2 target for fullterm infants without pulmonary or cardiac disorders?

A

> 93-95%

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8
Q

What ETT size would be used in a 3 kg neonate?

A

3.0

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9
Q

What ETT size would be used in a neonate weighing less than 3 kg?

A

2.5 or 2.0

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10
Q

What ETT size would be used in a neonate weighing more than 3 kg?

A

3.5

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11
Q

What is the formula for determining insertion depth of the ETT?

A

ETT size x 3 = insertion depth

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12
Q

What are the hemodynamic impacts of neonatal intubation?

A

Apnea
Bradycardia
hypotension

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13
Q

What medication can be given during intubation to mitigate the hemodynamic impacts of the procedure?

A

Atropine = increases HR

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14
Q

Where should the tip of the ETT be placed in relation to the carina in neonates?

A

1-2 cm above the carina

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15
Q

What are the initial ventilator settings for neonates?

A

Mode: Pressure or volume
VT: 4-6 ml/kg
PIP: <28
RR: 20-40
PEEP: 3-5
Itime 0.3-0.7

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16
Q

What blade size laryngoscope would you use on a full term neonate?

A

Blade size 1

17
Q

What are complications associated with intubated neonates?

A

high risk of extubation
mucus plugging of ETT
Cuff leak
Vocal cord damage

18
Q

What tidal volume should we be targeting in neonates?

A

4-6 ml/kg

19
Q

What tidal volumes should we be targeting in pediatrics?

A

6-8 ml/kg

20
Q

How is weaning and extubation different in pediatrics vs adults?

A

No set standardized guide for extubation readiness is available in pediatrics

21
Q

What are the basic criteria for weaning and extubation in neonates and pediatrics?

A
  1. Resolution of acute respiratory failure or active infection
  2. Ability to sustain spontaneous respirations
  3. Ability to protect airway

Pediatrics (17 decks)

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