RBC substitutes

Question 1

study for blood substitutes have been continued because of?

Answer 1

its potential use in case of shortages of donated blood

Question 2

first established in — but caused serious side effects like renal failure. this might be due to stromal remnants in hemoglobin solutions.

Answer 2

hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
“stroma-free hemoglobin solutions”

first established in 1949

Question 3

hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers also known as?

Answer 3

stroma-free hemoglobin solutions

Question 4

was developed but did not readily deliver oxygen

Answer 4

ultra-purified stroma-free hemoglobin

Question 5

why ultra-purified stroma-free hemoglobin is unable to deliver oxygen?

Answer 5

because of loss of 2,3-DPG during processing

Question 6

this refers to synthetic hydrocarbon structures in which all the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine

Answer 6

perfluorochemicals (perfluorocarbons)

Question 7

chemically inert, excellent gas solvents, and carry O2 and CO2 by dissolving them.

Answer 7

perfluorochemicals (perfluorocarbons)

Question 8

perfluorochemicals (perfluorocarbons) is a small sized which can pass thru areas of — and deliver — to — that are inaccesible to RBCs.

Answer 8

can pass thru areas of vasoconstriction and deliver oxygen to tissues

Question 9

potential benefits of artificial oxygen carriers

10 only ky kapoy type :P

Answer 9

1. abundant supply
2. can be stockpiled for emergencies and warfare
3. no need for typing and crossmatching
4. available for immediate infusion
5. extended shelf-life
6. can be stored at room temperature
7. free of blood-borne pathogens
8. at full oxygen capacity immediately
9. can deliver oxygen to tissue that is inaccessible to RBCs
10. have been accepted by Jehovah’s witnesses
11. could eventually cost less than units of blood

Question 10

enumerate the information that is required on the label (9)

Answer 10

• proper name of the blood component (with included indication of any qualification or modification such as irradiation)
• method of collection
• expiration date (time if applicable)
• donor category
• volume of the blood component
• the anticoagulent used in the preparation of the compoennt
• screening test results
• storage temp requirements of the blood componeny
• special handling instructions

Question 11

rbc substitution focus on (2)

Answer 11

hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
perfluorochemicals