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BB LECT (finals) > MNSs > Flashcards

MNSs Flashcards

1
Q

ISBT — discovered by — in 1927 when —

A

ISBT 002

Discovered by Landsteiner and Levine in 1927 when immunizing rabbits

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2
Q

composed of how many antigens?
enumerate the most common

A

MORE THAN 40 ANTIGENS
most common: M, N, S, s, U

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3
Q

T or F: MNSs found on RBCs and some secretions but NOT in tissues

A

FALSE
found on RBCs and some tissues but NOT in secretions

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4
Q

lectins used for MN typing

anti-M: ?
anti-N: ?

A

anti-M: Iberis amara
anti-N: Bauhinia variegata and Bauhinia purpura

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5
Q

MNSs genetics

genes are traced at?

A

chromosome 4q28-q31

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6
Q

MNSs genetics

GYPA gene codes for?
GYPB gene codes for?

A

GYPA codes for glycophorin A
GYPB codes for glycophorin B

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7
Q

MNSs genetics

GYPA gene considered to be the — with how many exons?

A

considered to be the ancestral gene with 7 exons

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8
Q

MNSs genetics

how many exons in GYPB gene?

A

5 exons and one noncoding (pseudoexon)

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9
Q

MNSs genetics

alleles for GYPA and GYPB are codominant. both are —

A

highly homologous

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10
Q

MNSs antigens are —

A

fully developed at birth

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11
Q

MNS5 is — antigen
MNS1 is — antigen
MNS2 is — antigen
S antigen is —
s antigen is —

M and N antigen both resides in the — of the —

A

MNS5: U antigen
MNS1: M antigen
MNS2: N antigen
MNS3: S antigen
MNS4: s antigen

M and N antigen both resides in the glycophorin A of the RBC membrane

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12
Q

MNSs antigens are attached to the glycophorin proteins and these proteins are — and therefore called —

A

Sialic-acid rich glycoproteins and are called sialoglycoproteins

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13
Q

M and N antigens are at the — of GPA.

GPA and GPB are also expressed in —

A

at the EXTREME TERMINUS of GPA.

expressed in renal endothelium and epithelium

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14
Q

M antigen is defined by?

there are — copies of GPA per RBC.

A

Leucine and Glutamic acid

200,000 - 1,000,000 copies of GPA per RBC

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15
Q

N antigen is defined by?

A

Serine and Glycine

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16
Q

S and s antigens are discovered by? in what year?

A

Walsh and Carmel Montgomery
1947

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17
Q

the s antigen was discovered in what year?

what is the antithetical partner of S?

A

1951

s antigen

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18
Q

S and s antigens are found in?

A

Glycophorin B on RBC membrane

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19
Q

S antigen is defined by?
s antigen is defined by?

there are — copies of GPB per RBC.

A

S antigen: methionine
s antigen: threonine

there are 50,000 - 250,000 copies of GPB per RBC.

20
Q

T or F: U antigen is found in glycophorin C on RBC membrane.

A

FALSE
Glycophorin B

21
Q

this antigen is considered as the universal antigen. and why it is considered as universal?

A

U antigen
bcos this was known to be the high incidence antigen

22
Q

T or F: U antigen is found on RBCs of all individuals except about 5% of Americans.

A

FALSE.
except about 1% of African Americans (1-35% Africans)

23
Q

T or F: RBCs with U antigen also carries S and s antigens. then why?

A

TRUE.
because they both found in glycophorin B on RBC membrane.

24
Q

U antigen is discovered by? via — in what year?

A

Weiner via anti-U in 1953

25
Q

M and N are easily destroyed by what enzymes?

A
  • Ficin
  • Papain
  • Bromelin
  • Trypsin
  • Pronase
26
Q

T or F: S and s resistant to enzymes.

if not, what are the enzymes that could possibly destroy?

A

FALSE.
they are not resistant but less easily destroyed

Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Pronase, Chymotrypsin

27
Q

enzymes can destroy S and s activity but the amount of degradation depend on the?

A
  • strength of the enzyme solution
  • length of treatment
  • enzyme to cell ratio
28
Q

these enzymes cannot destroy S and s. enumerate!

A
  • trypsin
  • dithiothreitol
  • glycine-acid EDTA
29
Q

what is antithetical?

A

antithetical is used to describe a pair or more than a pair of antigens that are coded by different alleles of a single gene

30
Q

frequencies in white and blacks

M+

A

W: 78%
B: 74%

31
Q

frequencies in white and blacks

N+

A

W: 72%
B: 75%

32
Q

frequencies in white and blacks

S+

A

W: 55%
B: 31%

33
Q

frequencies in white and blacks

s+

A

W: 89%
B: 93%

34
Q

frequencies in white and blacks

U+

A

W: 99.90%
B: 99%

35
Q

anti-M and anti-N are —, rarely natural bcos?

A

IgM
bcos they are formed due to transfusion or pregnancy

36
Q

T or F: anti-M and anti-N do not bind complement and causes HDNs and HTRs

A

FALSE
does not causes HDN and HTRs

37
Q

what are the similarities of anti-M and anti-N?

A

they are both:
- cold reactive agglutinins
- reaction is enhanced by acidification
- reacts best at 4C

38
Q

this antibody can demonstrate dosage. the reaction is enhanced at what pH?

A

anti-M
pH: 6.5

39
Q

anti-M is observed from?
common in?

A

observed from MULTIPAROUS WOMEN

common in children and in patients with bacterial infection

40
Q

identify what antibody.

some are IgG, less common, and specific at — pH

A

anti-N
specific at ALKALINE pH

41
Q

anti-N can demonstrate dosage (reacts better with — than —)

this is observed in?

A

reacts better with M-N+ than M+N+

renal patients where dialysis machine is sterilized with FORMALIN

42
Q

anti-S and anti-s, both are — and in —

may exhibit?

A

both are IgG and in AHG phase

may exhibit dosage effect

43
Q

anti-S and anti-s reacts at — but some reacts at —

A

37C but some reacts at 10-22C

44
Q

if anti-S or anti-s specificity is suspected but the pattern of reactivity is unclear, what will u do?

A

incubate test at room temp and perform AHG immediately

45
Q

T or F: anti-S and anti-s does not bind complement and does not cause HDFN and HTR.

A

FALSE.
- binds complement
- can cause HDFN and HTR with hemoglobinuria

46
Q

anti-U is an — and is enhanced with enzyme treatment. reacts at?

anti-U causes?

A

IgG
reacts at 37C and AHG phase

HDFN, HTR, decreased Red cell survival

47
Q

true or false

some individuals have altered GPA and their antibody is not specific for a portion of the antigen they lack.

this is also referred as?

A

FALSE.
their antibody is SPECIFIC

reffered as MNSs autoantibodies

BB LECT (finals) (6 decks)

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