RBC Disroders Flashcards
HGB rule of three
HGBx3=hematocrit
-if the HMGx3 does not apply, they need to have the blood test repeated, it was an error
How big a RBC
8 microns, the size of a lymphocyte nucleus
How many more RBCs are there than WBCs
1000:1
How many O2 molecules does one hemoglobin molecule carry?
4
HGB and HCT are less than normal range
Anemia
Hypochromic anemia
Low MCHC
-mean cell HGB concentration
Hyperchromic anemia
High MCHC
-mean cell HGB concentration
HGB<13.5
Anemia in men
Hgb<12
Anemia in women
Immature circulating RBCs
Reticulocytes
Increased blood RBC mass
Polycythemia Vera
High HCT
Microcytosis in MCV
<80
Macrocytosis in MCV
> 100
Normochromic anemia
32-36
Hypochromic anemia
<32
Pale RBC
Young RBC size
10 microns, larger than a mature one
Causes of anemia
Blood loss
Impaired RBC production
Accelerated RBC desrtructgion
Micorcytic anemia
Low MCV Iron deficiency (MSOT COMMON IN THE WORLD)
What is the most common microcytic anemia in the world
Iron deficiency
What is iron deficiency a cause of
Chronic blood loss somewhere
Macrocytic anemia is commonly what
B12 and folate deficiency
-child bearing women should take this
If a women who does not have enough folate can have what happen to child
Neutrotube defect, spina bifida
Low MCV and high RBC distribution (RDS)
Iron deficiency
-ferritin levels are the Dx step here
MCV low, normal RDW (RBC distribution)
Thalassemia
What’s the difference between iron deficiency and thalassemia
Normal ferritin: thalassemia
High ferritin: iron deficiency
Loss of erythropoietin
Anemia of renal failure
MCV large, Norma B12
Folate defeicnicy
MCV >100, decreased B12
B12 defeicneicy
Time to depletion of folate
3 months
Time to depletion for B12 deficiency
3 years
Between folate and B12, which one has more Neuro problems
B12
- essential for nerve conduction
- both of these can ultimately cause neuro problems in child
What is needed to absorb B12
Intrinsic factor
G6PF deficiency
Can protect against malaria
What protects against malaria
Sickle cell anemia and G6PD
Favism
X-linked, lysis triggered by consumption of favs beans
- protects from malaria
- G6PD defeicneicy
Leading cause of anemia world wide
Iron deficiency anemia
Dx of iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Two forms of thalassemia
alpha and beta
Thalassemia: who is most likely to get it
Mediterranean
asymptomatic, accidentally discovered, RBC count may be a little high, but they are very small (HGB, HCT)
Thalassemia
Which anemia can have a normal to high RBC count
Thalassemia
