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Pathology Block 11 > Lymphoproliferative Disorders > Flashcards

Lymphoproliferative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer of WBCs/blood/bone marrow

A

Leukemia

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2
Q

Increased total WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

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3
Q

Increased neutrophil count

A

Neutrophilia

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4
Q

Increased lymphocyte count

A

Lymphocytosis

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5
Q

Decreased total leukocyte count

A

Leukopenia

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6
Q

Decreased neutrophil count

A

Neutropenia

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7
Q

Decreases lymphocytes count

A

Lympohcytopenia

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8
Q

All blood lineages decreases (WBCs, RBCs, PLTs)

A

Pancytopenia

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9
Q

Describe a leukemoid reaction

A
  • leukemia like infection
  • neutrophilia-significant to marked increase (greater than 50,000/uL)
  • definitely NOT leukemia
  • response to infection, inflammation, trauma, cancer
  • easily confused with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)
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10
Q

If we get young neutrophils, they are

A

Shifting to the left

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11
Q

Bandemia

A

Shift of neutrophils to the left

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12
Q

Maturation of neutrophils

A 
Promyelocyte 
Myelocyte 
Metamyelocyte 
Band 
Neutrophil
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13
Q

WBC differential reference ranges

A

Never let mamma eat beans

Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%
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14
Q

Myelo’s present

A

Oh my, shouldn’t have these

Young neutrophils

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15
Q

High WBC are usually due to what

A

Neutrophils or lymphocytes

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16
Q

Peripheral blood compartments of neutrophils

A 
Circulating pool
Marinated pool (adhere to the walls of caps)
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17
Q

What are the 3 different body compartments of neutrophils

A

Cone marrow, peripheral blood, and extravascualr space

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18
Q

High WBC in trauma

A

Release of marinated WBCs

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19
Q

Most common reason for neutrophilia

A

Bacterial infection or trauma

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20
Q

Neutrophilia with a left shift

A 
Acute infections 
Acute inflammation 
Drugs 
Physiological 
Leukemia
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21
Q

What is the least common cause of neutrophilia

A

Leukemia

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22
Q

What is reactive leukocytosis (leukemoid reaction) common confused with

A

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

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23
Q

Low neutrophil count can indicate

A

Leukemia

  • even though we associate with high WBC
  • low because the bone marrow gets squished to death
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24
Q

High lymph count

A

Viral infection

-can be due to a lymphocytic leukemia

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25
Q

What leukemia is associated with very high lymphocytes circulating

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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26
Q

> 20% of the cells are blasts

A

Acute leukemia

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27
Q

What is more telling of leukemia, blood or bone marrow?

A

Bone marrow

28
Q

<5% of cells called blasts in the blood and bone marrow

A

Chronic leukemia

29
Q

If we are seeing myelos and bands, what are we thinking

A

Chronic myelocytic leukemia

30
Q

How is leukoemia diagnosed

A

Bone marrow

31
Q

Plasma cell disorder

A

Multiple myeloma

-microfractures in bones

32
Q

Signs of leukemia

A

Anemia, bleeding, night sweats

33
Q

What blood lines can leukemia occur in

A

All of them

  • myelocytic (neutrophils)
  • lymphocytic (lymphocytes_
  • erythrocytic (RBC)
34
Q

Acute leukemia

A

Blasts >20%
Acute myelocytic
Acute lymphocytic

35
Q

Chronic leukemia

A

Chronic myelocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

36
Q

Which chronic leukemia has all mature neutrophils

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

37
Q

Diagnostic tests for all leukemia’s

A

Complete blood count

Bone marrow aspirate

38
Q

Most common leukemia in children

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

-good outcome

39
Q

Most common leukemia

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

-10-20 years to kill you

40
Q

Worst leukemia

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

41
Q

What is the tDt for diagnostic for

A

ALL

-common in children

42
Q

Prognosis for ALL

A

95% remission

43
Q

tDt

A

ALL

44
Q

Primary adult leukemia

A

AML

45
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

46
Q

Prognosis of AML

A

25% of surviving at the 5 year mark

-death within weeks if untreated

47
Q

Needle-like structures in blasts

A

Auer rods in AML

48
Q

Characterized by Philadelphia chromosome (9 and 22 translocation)

A

CML

-this is what differentiates CML from leukemoid reaction

49
Q

Prognosis

A

60% five year survival

-Gleevec increases chances, >80% remission

50
Q

The only leukemia that you have a good chance of just not treating, just watchful waiting

A

CLL

51
Q

What leukemia has a marked lymphocytosis (75-98%)

A

CLL

52
Q

Prognosis of CLL

A

Can live for 10 years

53
Q

Why dont we treat CLL

A

Because you live a long time with it, and treatment could diminish quality of life

54
Q

Which leukemia is commonly disocereved accidentally

A

CLL

55
Q

Cancer arising in the lymphatic system

A

Lymphomas

56
Q

If the lymph node is swollen and painful

A

Not lymphoma, it will not be in pain if it is lymphoma

57
Q

Which lymphoma is easier to treat

A

Hodgkins

58
Q

What is a Reed-Sternberg cell indicative of

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, this is what separates this from non-hodgkins

59
Q

Which lymphoma has a better outcome

A

Hodgkin

60
Q

What age groups are most affected by lymphoma

A

Mid 20s and then mid 50s

-bimodal

61
Q

Plasma cells replace bone marrow in this type of cancer. Causing fractures in the lower back

A

Multiple myeloma

62
Q

Lab findings of multiple myeloma

A

Monoclonal protein spike in urine and blood
Bence jones protein is a light chain that is toxic to the kidneys, shows up in urine and blood, will lead to kidney failure

63
Q

Protein that is diagnostic off multiple myeloma

A

Bence jones protein

64
Q

Stage I lymphoma

A

Cancer is located in a single lymph node groups

65
Q

Stage II lymphoma

A

Two or more lymph node groups on one side of the diaphragm

66
Q

Stage III lymphoma

A

Cancer has spread to both sides of the diaphragm, or involves true spleen

67
Q

Stage IV lymphoma

A

Cancer involves liver, bone marrow, or lung, brain

-highly metastasized

Pathology Block 11 (8 decks)

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