Raz reading - Chapter 4.1 Flashcards
What is the main argument of this chapter?
Raz argues that political authority is more limited than states claim. He critiques the normal justification thesis (NJT) and explores whether consent can extend political legitimacy.
What is the Normal Justification Thesis (NJT)?
NJT states that an authority is legitimate if following it helps individuals act in accordance with the reasons that apply to them better than they would on their own.
Why does NJT fail to justify full state authority?
- Political authority applies to groups, but NJT only justifies authority at the individual level.
- Some individuals (experts, morally upright citizens) may not need government guidance in certain areas.
- Governments claim broad, uniform authority, but NJT only justifies authority in specific cases.
Can consent justify broader political authority?
- Instrumental consent (based on benefits) does not extend authority beyond NJT.
- Non-instrumental consent (expressing identification with a community) can justify authority.
- However, not everyone consents to state authority, limiting this justification.
Does Raz believe in a general obligation to obey the law?
No – Even in a just society, people do not have a general duty to obey laws.
Some laws may be morally binding, but each law must be evaluated individually.
What does Raz say about the moral relationship between citizens and the state?
- Just governments may be preferable to other systems.
- However, citizens should assess whether specific laws are justified.
- Obedience is not required simply because a law exists.
