Raynaud's

Question 1

What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?

Answer 1

Characterised by vasospasm that causes digits to change colour to white (pallor) from lack of blood flow, usually brought on by cold temperatures. Affected areas subsequently turn blue due to de-oxygenation and/or red due to reperfusion. It can be a painful condition and can lead to complications.

Question 2

What are the two types of Raynaud’s?

Answer 2

Type 1

• No other complications, and only occasionally go on to develop a related problem. idiopathic

Type 2

• Caused by another condition, usually an autoimmune condition like scleroderma or lupus.
• Severe digital ischaemia, gangrene, digital ulcers, and infection.

Question 3

Dx:

Answer 3

Clinical

ANA

FBC

ESR

Question 4

Management:

Answer 4

Non-pharmacological first:

• Keeping warm
• Smoking cessation
• Advice should be given about avoiding injury to the digits, moisturising dry skin, and avoiding drugs known to exacerbate RP, such as cocaine and ergotamine

Pharmacological:

• (1) calcium-channel blockers
• (2) nifedipine
• (3) Diltiazem

If Acute:

• Prostacyclin
• treat underlying condition