RAWS - 1ST SUMMATIVE Flashcards
- involves deep understanding of how one can achieve well-focused and unified ideas in a composition. It is important to use strategies developing ideas using a particular pattern through narration.
NARRATION
Ex: When students are asked to come up with a summary of a story, they tend to chop parts of the story
and put it in their summary. It leads to create unrelated details that do not contribute in the oneness and clarity of oneβs summary.
NARRATION
contains the plot which gives direction in making a story and tells story or events in chronological
order.
NARRATIVE TEXT
sequential presentation of events
plays an important role.
DEVELOPING NARRATION
helps to create unified thought and to show the transition of events to the next. This leads us to focus on the use of the action words in the story. It also helps to move the story and makes the story interesting.
SIGNAL WORDS
helps to show the reader how
the story moves. Common transitional words are first,
next, then, after and suddenly.
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDERING
- the use of appropriate transitional devices in telling stories are noteworthy. ________ helps to
create a vivid picture of what youβre trying to express through written text.
DESCRIPTION
portrays events and brings a scene or object to life in the imagination of the reader.
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Description plays an important role to elucidate the nature of people, places and things.
DAYAGBIL & ET AL., 2016
A series of detailed observation about the subject can help to create a good descriptive paragraph.
DAYAGBIL & ET AL., 2016
Involves the use of adjectives and adverbs in the paragraph.
DAYAGBIL & ET AL., 2016
words used to describe how the
subject looks, sounds, feels, smells or tastes like. Concerns how you will arrange the details to provide an
image, person, or object you are trying to describe.
SENSORY LANGUAGES
Two types of description
- Objective Description
- Subjective Description
writer presents impartial
and actual picture of the subject without biases and excluding personal impression of the subject.
OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
Ex: Giving your description of an experiment in class.
OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
writer gives personal impression of what is observed.
SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
Ex: used in making fiction stories. When asked to write about a place you visit during summer vacation, you tend to give personal judgment of how you experience the
place.
SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION
provide concise but exact meanings of unfamiliar words and explain special meanings for familiar
words.
DEFINITIONS
used to explain technical words and concepts.
DEFINITIONS
What to define always depends on the needs of the reader and the purpose of communication.
DEFINITIONS
Two Methods of Definition
- Informal Definition
- Formal Definition
2 types of informal definition
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
the dictionary meaning of the word.
Ex: Rose is a family of prickly shrub with pinnate leaves
and showy flowers.
INFORMAL DEFINITION
- the secondary meaning of a word
and not necessarily included in the dictionary. It is how a writer understands a word based on
their own personal or consensual experiences.
CONNOTATION
Ex: A dozen of pink roses is usually given to their beloved
ones. Instead of literally referring to flowers, love and
romance are connoted.
CONNOTATION
THREE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF FORMAL DEFINITION
- Species (WORD) n + Genus (CLASS)
+ Differentiae. - WORD
- CLASS
is the name of the object,
process, or concept defined. Usually followed by βisβ and βareβ
WORD
or general group to which the
objects belongs.
CLASS
Ex: Skimming (species) is a reading technique (class) of allowing the eyes to travel over a page very quickly, stopping only here and there to gain an idea (differentiae).
FORMAL DEFINITION
Ex: Skimming (species) is a reading technique (class) of allowing the eyes to travel over a page very quickly, stopping only here and there to gain an idea
(differentiate).
FORMAL DEFINITION
San Pablo City is one of the oldest
towns in the Philippines and today, it is known as one of the first-class
cities in the province of Laguna. It is
also called the City of Seven Lakes
namely: Bunot Lake, Calibato Lake,
Mohicap Lake, Palakpakin Lake,
Pandin Lake, Sampaloc Lake, and
Yambo lake. These seven freshwater lakes are crater form of a steam-blast eruption from Mt.
Cristobal.
BY STATING ITS CHARACTERISTICS
In this time of global crisis, everyone is responsible for their actions, such as following the precautionary measures given by the health experts to avoid the spread of the virus
BY FUNCTION
Far from the normal situations that
we had before, the pandemic makes each one of us skip buying
unnecessary items.
BY WHAT IT IS NOT
Jollibee and McDonalds both offer
savory chicken and delicious pasta
that children love
BY WHAT IT IS SIMILAR TO
The opening of the classes for
School Year 2020 -2021 amidst the
pandemic is a great challenge to the Department of Education. They
continue researching different
alternative ways of teaching and
learning to be implemented in
schools such as online learning,
modular learning, and lastly learning from TV shows and radio programs
BY EXAMPLES
Writers around the world define
literature in different ways. The
origin of the word literature is
derived from the Latin word Litera
which means letter.
BY ORIGIN OF WORD OR ETYMOLOGY
Due to the global pandemic,
specifically COVID-19, the world
embraces the new normal. People
have become more conscious about sanitation and hygiene. They now learn physical distancing in public places. And, most of the people stay at home either working or developing new hobbies and
exploring new things.
BY ITS EFFECT
CLASSIFICATION basic parts
- topic sentence, classifications, examples, transitional expressions
Used in writing other papers with different purposes other than telling a story, describing
something or defining a concept.
CLASSIFICATION
most common and effective pattern to explain an idea or point. Writer develops a general statement β the topic sentence, with one or more
examples to support it.
EXEMPLIFICATION (OR ILLUSTRATION)
these transitional expressions are used in this
for instance, namely, to be
specify, to clarify, to illustrate, for example, in short, as an example.
EXEMPLIFICATION (OR ILLUSTRATION)
Used when writer needs to sort out or arrange subjects to groups or categories based on their
common and shared characteristics.
CLASSIFICATION
these transitional devices are used
classified as, one kind, the last group, another kind, another,
final type, the first category, are categorized as, the next part.
CLASSIFICATION
Makes you associate similar things or process by grouping them into classes or categories.
CLASSIFICATION
- discusses elements that are similar
COMPARISON
- discusses elements that are different.
CONTRAST
then analyzes two subjects comparing them, contrasting them, or both. However, its purpose is not to simply state the obvious but rather to illustrate subtle differences or unexpected
similarities between two subjects.
COMPARE-AND-CONTRAST ESSAY
Two common ways to organize comparison/contrast paragraph or essay
- Block method
- Point-by-point comparison
to address one subject at a time,
point-by-point comparison
what type of cohesive devices are shown below
- likewise, similar to, same with, like,
in the same manner.
SIMILARITIES
what type of cohesive devices are shown below
- on the other hand, however, while,
different with, in contrast and the like.
CONTRAST
