DRRR - 1ST SUMMATIVE

Question 1

is the potential for loss and damage caused by a hazardous
event or process. It is the combination of the severity of a threat and the vulnerability of the affected community or system.

Answer 1

DISASTER RISK

Question 2

defined as “the combination of the
probability of an event and its
negative consequences” (UNISDR, 2009).

Answer 2

RISK

Question 3

is the potential for negative
consequences where something of value is at stake, and the outcome is uncertain.

Answer 3

DISASTER RISK

Question 4

refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period.

Answer 4

RISK

Question 5

is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35).

Answer 5

DISASTER RISK

Question 6

Components of Disaster Risk

Answer 6

1. HAZARDS
2. EXPOSURE
3. VULNERABILITY

Question 7

Natural, technological, or human-induced events that have the potential to cause harm.

Answer 7

HAZARDS

Question 8

The people, assets, systems,
or other elements present in
hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses.

Answer 8

EXPOSURE

Question 9

The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes that increase the susceptibility
of an individual, a community, assets, or systems to the impacts of
hazards.

Answer 9

VULNERABILITY

Question 10

• the “elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event (Quebral, 2016)

Answer 10

EXPOSURE

Question 11

a potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of
life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

Answer 11

HAZARD

Question 12

the condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes,
which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard

Answer 12

VULNERABILITY

Question 13

The following are also taken into consideration when risk factors underlying disaster are involved:

Answer 13

• SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
• GENDER AND FAMILY
• AGE

Question 14

which measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.

Answer 14

SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE

Question 15

• the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.

Answer 15

GENDER AND FAMILY

Question 16

adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.

Answer 16

AGE

Question 17

Factors that underlie disaster

Answer 17

1. CLIMATE CHANGE
2. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
3. GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
4. POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
5. POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
6. WEAK GOVERNANCE

Question 18

can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways
– by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.

Answer 18

CLIMATE CHANGE

Question 19

means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing
such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices
that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Answer 19

CLIMATE CHANGE

Question 20

is the change that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods”

Answer 20

CLIMATE CHANGE

Question 21

• changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these
  hazards.

Answer 21

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

Question 22

Over consumption of natural resources results in ______ ________, reducing the effectiveness of essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of floods and landslides. This leads to increased risk from disasters, and in turn, natural hazards can further
degrade the environment.

Answer 22

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

Question 23

It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale

Answer 23

GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Question 24

Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build
resilience if effectively managed.

Answer 24

GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMEANT

Question 25

By participating in risk-sensitive development strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure, environmental management, and upgrading informal settlements, risk can be
reduced. Dominance and increase of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to have increased hazard exposure

Answer 25

GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMEANT

Question 26

Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in riskreducing measures.

Answer 26

POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

Question 27

The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a cause and consequence of disaster risk (Wisner et al., 2004), particularly extensive risk, with drought being the hazard most closely associated with poverty (Shepard et al., 2013).

Answer 27

POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

Question 28

The impact of disasters on the poor can, in addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total loss of livelihoods, displacement, poor health, food insecurity, among other consequences. Vulnerability is not simply about poverty, but
extensive research over the past 30 years has revealed that it is
generally the poor who tend to suffer worst from disasters

Answer 28

POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

Question 29

• A new wave of urbanization is
  unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge.

Answer 29

POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Question 30

People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities.

Answer 30

POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Question 31

The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a
context of widespread poverty

Answer 31

POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Question 32

Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with
areas of high-risk exposure.

Answer 32

POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Question 33

weak governance zones are
investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles
and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.

Answer 33

WEAK GOVERNANCE

Question 34

✓ Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with weak governance
(UNISDR, 2015a).

Answer 34

WEAK GOVERNANCE

Question 35

Disaster risk governance refers to the specificarrangements that societies put in place to manage their disaster risk (UNISDR, 2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a broader context of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in UNISDR, 2015a)

Answer 35

WEAK GOVERNANCE

Question 36

Disaster Risk Assessment

Answer 36

1. HAZARD ANALYSIS
2. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
3. EXPOSURE ANALYSIS

Question 37

Identify and evaluate potential hazards.

Answer 37

HAZARD ANALYSIS

Question 38

Determine the susceptibility of people, assets, and systems
to the identified hazards

Answer 38

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

Question 39

Assess the presence and location of people, assets, and systems that could be affected by the hazards.

Answer 39

EXPOSURE ANALYSIS

Question 40

Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies

Answer 40

Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery

Question 41

aim to minimize the adverse impacts of hazards through a comprehensive approach that includes mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.

Answer 41

Disaster risk reduction strategies