DRRR - 1ST SUMMATIVE Flashcards
is the potential for loss and damage caused by a hazardous
event or process. It is the combination of the severity of a threat and the vulnerability of the affected community or system.
DISASTER RISK
defined as “the combination of the
probability of an event and its
negative consequences” (UNISDR, 2009).
RISK
is the potential for negative
consequences where something of value is at stake, and the outcome is uncertain.
DISASTER RISK
refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period.
RISK
is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35).
DISASTER RISK
Components of Disaster Risk
- HAZARDS
- EXPOSURE
- VULNERABILITY
Natural, technological, or human-induced events that have the potential to cause harm.
HAZARDS
The people, assets, systems,
or other elements present in
hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses.
EXPOSURE
The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes that increase the susceptibility
of an individual, a community, assets, or systems to the impacts of
hazards.
VULNERABILITY
- the “elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event (Quebral, 2016)
EXPOSURE
a potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of
life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.
HAZARD
the condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes,
which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
VULNERABILITY
The following are also taken into consideration when risk factors underlying disaster are involved:
- SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
- GENDER AND FAMILY
- AGE
which measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
- the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.
GENDER AND FAMILY
adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.
AGE
Factors that underlie disaster
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
- GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
- POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
- WEAK GOVERNANCE
can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways
– by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.
CLIMATE CHANGE
means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing
such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices
that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
is the change that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods”
CLIMATE CHANGE
- changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these
hazards.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Over consumption of natural resources results in ______ ________, reducing the effectiveness of essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of floods and landslides. This leads to increased risk from disasters, and in turn, natural hazards can further
degrade the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale
GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build
resilience if effectively managed.
GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMEANT
By participating in risk-sensitive development strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure, environmental management, and upgrading informal settlements, risk can be
reduced. Dominance and increase of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to have increased hazard exposure
GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMEANT
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in riskreducing measures.
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a cause and consequence of disaster risk (Wisner et al., 2004), particularly extensive risk, with drought being the hazard most closely associated with poverty (Shepard et al., 2013).
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
The impact of disasters on the poor can, in addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total loss of livelihoods, displacement, poor health, food insecurity, among other consequences. Vulnerability is not simply about poverty, but
extensive research over the past 30 years has revealed that it is
generally the poor who tend to suffer worst from disasters
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
- A new wave of urbanization is
unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge.
POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities.
POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a
context of widespread poverty
POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with
areas of high-risk exposure.
POORLY PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
weak governance zones are
investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles
and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
WEAK GOVERNANCE
✓ Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-income countries with weak governance
(UNISDR, 2015a).
WEAK GOVERNANCE
Disaster risk governance refers to the specificarrangements that societies put in place to manage their disaster risk (UNISDR, 2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a broader context of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in UNISDR, 2015a)
WEAK GOVERNANCE
Disaster Risk Assessment
- HAZARD ANALYSIS
- VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
- EXPOSURE ANALYSIS
Identify and evaluate potential hazards.
HAZARD ANALYSIS
Determine the susceptibility of people, assets, and systems
to the identified hazards
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Assess the presence and location of people, assets, and systems that could be affected by the hazards.
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
aim to minimize the adverse impacts of hazards through a comprehensive approach that includes mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.
Disaster risk reduction strategies
