Raw Data Flashcards
What does this symbol mean
Less than
What does this symbol mean <
Much less than
What does this symbol mean _
Less than or equal to
What does this symbol mean >
More than
What does this symbol mean»_space;
Much greater than
What does this symbol mean _>
Greater than or equal to
What does this symbol mean /=
Not equal to
What does this symbol mean ~
Approximately
Define primary data
When you collect data first hand
Define secondary data
When you use someone else’s data
Define quantitive data
Numbers and data
Define qualitative data
The text that tells you the context behind the data
Level of data: define nominal data
When you collect data in categories
e.g. How many students got A’s B’s and C’s in a test
Level of data: define ordinal data
When data is put into order or using a rating scale
e.g. 1st, 2nd 3rd
Level of data: define interval data
When you collect numbers for scores that cannot have a true zero
e.g. Percentage score on a psychology test
Level of data: define ratio
Same as interval but has a true zero
e.g. Temperature in degrees Celsius
Measures of central tendency: Define measures of central tendency
Tells you the average, or where the middle of the data set is
Level of data: define the mean
Mathematic average- all scores are added up and divided by n
Level of data: define the median
Middle number- put values in order smallest–> largest. Find middle (or go in between the two middle points)
Level of data: define the mode
Most common number in a data set
Measures of dispersion: define Measures of dispersion
Statistics that tell you how far apart your data is spread
Measures of dispersion: define the range
Difference between the highest and lowest score + 1
Measures of dispersion: define the standard deviation
Tell us how close each data point is to the mean
Measures of dispersion: define the varience
The square of the standard deviation
Inferential statistics: define normal distribution curve
On a frequency distribution graph the curve is bell-shaped and exactly symmetrical. This is because the mean, median and mode are all equal
Inferential statistics: Define skewed distribution curve
A curve that isn’t symmetrical and usually leans one way or the other
Inferential statistics: define probability
The likelihood that our results were obtained by chance and not from a genuine effect of the Independent variable
Inferential statistics: define observed and critical value
Observed= calculated by your statistical test by your data
Critical= value found in a critical values table that your observed value has to reach in order to be significant
Inferential statistics: define the level of significance
The level of chance we will accept in the results
e.g. We may conclude that results are significant even if there is a 5% chance they happened by chance/coincidence
Inferential statistics: define type 1 error
When we reject the null hypothesis but really our results were just coincidence- if we make a type 1 error we have used too lenient a significance level
Could be coincidence
Inferential statistics: define type 2 error
When we accept the null hypothesis but actually there is a real effect - if we make a type 2 error we have used too strict a significance level
A real effect
