Rattan Flashcards
RATTAN:
Natural stands
- ready for harvesting on the _______ of growth
- average length of about ____ or more
15th year; 25 m
In plantation
- rattan poles can be harvested within _______ after planting.
10 to 15 years
Selective cutting of the canes at an interval of _________ years is recommended.
three to four
_______ should be practiced and observed in rattan harvesting, especially the ones that have grown naturally
Extreme care
Rattan plants are ______ and as such, they can cling on to the stems, branches, or leaves of trees in the immediate surrounding.
climbers
They have __________ at the tip which hold on to the support trees.
cirruses or flagella
– extension of the midrib
Cirrus
- arises from the axil of the
leaf sheath.
Flagellum
Properties of rattan poles: ____________ structural material
- similar to wood
- lignocellulosic
Properties of rattan poles: “woody” features help little in making the ________ of rattan poles, especially once the leaf sheaths are removed
identification
the patterns and sizes of the ____________ bundles as seen on the cross section of the rattan pole will be very helpful.
fibrovascular
The rattan pole has a _____, outer covering, which is generally green. It is made up of cutin (PCARRD, 1985), which is similar to the covering found in the leaves of most plants.
very thin
This is enough to make the rattan stem somewhat _________ to moisture and other extraneous materials.
impervious
Underneath the skin of the rattan is the subdermal layer, which is made up of a ___________ of fibrovascular bundles, an anatomical characteristic which members of the palm family share with grasses.
dense collection
Each fibrovascular bundle contains both the ________ elements, which in woody plants perform the water and food conduction functions.
xylem and phloem
The metaxylem or phloem is found in the _____________ of the fibrovascular bundle, along with some fiber elements.
central portion
- is the vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the
organic nutrients.
Phloem
Mechanical tissue
Fiber Sheath
store the starch that the rattan stem produces in great abundance; thinwalled
cells
Parenchyma
reported that rattan can be initially harvested at the age of ____ years.
9-15
The succeeding harvests for the clump forming species like palasan and limuran may be done at ____ years interval thereafter. Species with single stem such as the tagiktik (Calamus elmerianus Becc.) is harvested once.
3.5
Mature canes are ________ harvested.
selectively
Rattan harvesting involves:
stem cutting,
pulling,
stripping,
cutting into a desired length, and scraping.
It is done manually with a cane recovery of ____ only; _____ goes to waste in the form of trimmings and merchantable tops that remain intertwined with trees (Virtucio and Sy, 1988).
67.24%; 32.76%
SUSTAINED YIELD CUT:
𝑺𝒀𝑪 =( (𝑨 𝒙 𝑫)/𝑹) 𝒙 𝒇
RATTAN PREPARATORY PROCESS:
- Scraping
- Drying
As a result of ________, nodal
bulges and the epidermal
layer of rattan poles are
removed.
scraping
Scraping, results in ______ drying
of the poles.
faster
scraping provides a __________
surface and appearance and a
more uniform diameter.
smoother
drying canes are dried to about
____ moisture content (MC)
to minimize fungal attack.
20%
As in wood, the drying of
rattan results in far ___________ of the end products, than when the material is used and assembled in the green state.
better
properties
Among the advantages of dried rattan poles are:
a) increased strength and dimensional stability;
b) lower susceptibility to stain- and decay-causing organisms;
c) lighter weight and lower transport costs;
d) improved machining and finishing characteristics;
e) better gluing and fastener-holding capacity; and
f) ease of preservative application.
The drying of rattan poles can
be achieved _______ or ______
artificial dryers such as a kiln.
outdoors or inside
Air Drying, requires a long time to
reach moisture content of
____, or even longer, depending on weather conditions.
15%
Kiln drying is done in an ________ where temperature, humidity, and air circulation can be controlled.
enclosed chamber
The rattan poles are arranged
horizontally inside the kiln, which
can reduce an initial moisture
content of ________ in 1 and
1/2 days.
145% to 10%
For immediate stain control against staining of freshly cut rattan poles right at the harvesting site, a pit is dug from the _______ and then lined with ______ sheet.
ground; plastic
Control against powder post beetles is _______ and _______ in the factory help prevent attacks of powder-post beetles.
drying and general hygiene
Chemical treatment may also be done, provided safety precautions are observed. This can be accomplished by any of the following procedures:
✓ Dipping Treatment
✓ Spraying or Brushing
✓ Varnishing
✓ Pressure Treatment
Preservative Treatment:
- Dipping Treatment
- Spraying or Brushing Treatment
- Varnishing
- Pressure Treatment
___________ of rattan poles are dipped in 1% solution of either dieldrin or lindane, or in 5% pentachlorophenol in petroleum distillate fortified with 0.5%
tributyltinoxide (TBTO)
dipping treatment
Rattan poles that are bulk or closely-piled are sprayed or brushed with 1% lindane or dieldrin. A metal catchment may be needed to collect the drippings
Spraying or Brushing Treatment
If no beetles have been detected in the inside portion of the poles yet, ___________ may be sufficient to provide protection.
varnishing
______ of the beetles is easier said than done, however, as the eggs are difficult to see with the naked eye because of their microscopic size
Detection
in pressure treatment colorless___________, such as boron compounds fortified with sodium pentachlorophenate, are used for this treatment.
water-borne preservatives
___________ involves the use of a treating cylinder where temperature and pressure can be controlled.
Pressure treatment
Sorting and Grading Rattan canes are segregated according to sizes and species and graded:
a. Export grade
b. Manila grade
c. Spotted grade
- 4 m minimum length, double scraped, sanded, straight, and free from spots or stain.
Export grade
- 4 m minimum length, single scraped, reasonably straight, and free from stain.
Manila grade
- 4 m minimum length, reasonably straight, may be spotted.
Spotted grade
Canes for export are graded based on diameter as follows:
CLASS DIAMETER (INCH)
I = 1 ½ - 1 ¼
II = 1 ¼ - 1 ½
III = 1 1/8 – 1 ¼
IV = 1 – 1 1/8
Processes involved in the manufacture of rattan products:
- Bleaching
- Straightening
- Bending
- Splitting
- Designing
Bleaching ________ and provide the rattan with a uniform whitish appearance, raw materials are subjected to a bleaching
treatment.
remove stains
For bleaching round poles, this can be accomplished by soaking in
__________ of 3% sodium
hypochlorite for two to three
hours, followed by air-drying.
aqueous solution
________ is performed before
scraping, especially when sizing
machines are used, or when the material is just about ready for assembly.
Straightening
A straight, cylindrical shape is desirable for certain components of rattan furniture such as the legs and framings.
Straightening
_________ is the opposite of straightening and is usually
performed on components of rattan furniture to be assembled
into the final product.
Bending
Bending is performed by ______________ pieces with a
blowtorch or by mass heating several canes inside a steaming
chamber for a suitable period at 100°C under atmospheric
pressure.
flaming individual
Bending: As a rough guide, steaming period of_____ minute per millimeter of diameter produces satisfactory plasticization of stocks.
½ to 1
