BAMBOO Flashcards
Bamboo is the ____ most important forest product
3rd
Bamboo have ___ genera with ___ species
75; 125
Bamboo is the World’s tallest grass from the family ______
Poaceae
“the grass of hope”
bamboo
bamboo is Long, slender, _____ material
pliable
bamboo is valuable resource in ________ restoration
forest landscape
bamboo is planted in ____ m spacing
10-15
bamboo is highly _____
versatile
Grows on all types of soil, very little fertilizer, with almost no pest and diseases (only ______)
witches’ broom
Short harvest cycle and very long productive life span (____years)
3-50
bamboo ______ demand in global market
increased
bamboo is excellent for soil and water conservation because of its _________
root structure
bamboo is easily worked with _______ tools
simple
bamboo has a ____ strength-______ ratio
Good; weight
TYPES OF BAMBOO:
- PACHYMORPH
- LEPTOMORPH
- sympodial or clump forming
- ex: Bambusa, Dendrocalamus,
Gigantochloa, Schizostachyum
PACHYMORPH
- monopodial or nonclump
forming - ex: Arundinaria,
Phyllostachys
LEPTOMORPH
In the Phils, there
are 12 genera with 62 species
____- endemic
13-climbers
8-erect
21
In the Phils, there
are 12 genera with 62 species
21- endemic
____-climbers
8-erect
13
In the Phils, there
are 12 genera with 62 species
21- endemic
13-climbers
____-erect
8
COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT ERECT
BAMBOOS:
- Kawayan-tinik (Bambusa blumeana)
- Kawayan-kiling (Bambusa vulgaris)
- Buho (Schizostachyum lumampao)
- Bayog (Dendrocalamus merrillianus)
- Bolo (Gigantocloa levis)
- Giant Bamboo
(Dendrocalamus asper) - Botong (Dendrocalamus
latiflorus) - Anos (Schizostachyum lima)
- Kayali (Gigantocloa alter)
- Laak (Sphaerobambos
philippinensis)
- responsible for the growth in height
Primary Growth
- responsible for the growth in the internode length
Intercalary Growth
Cross section:
a. Epidermal cells- composed of parenchyma cells
b. Hypodermis- thick-walled sclerenchyma cells
c. Ground parenchyma
d. Vascular bundle
With regard to the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo, studies made by FPRDI showed that the strength of bamboo generally _________ to the top, which could be explained by the increase in its _______- as one moves from the butt to the tip of the culm.
increases; specific gravity
PROPAGATION OF BAMBOO:
⯍SEXUAL PROPAGATION
⯍ ASEXUAL PROPGATION
PROPAGATION OF BAMBOO - SEXUAL:
- seeds
- wildings
Not always available, the
flowering cycle is 1-120 years,
culms with flower die after
flowering
Seeds
2-3 months wildlings, after 6
months can be out planted
Wildlings
PROPAGATION OF BAMBOO - ASEXUAL:
- Offset Method
- Culm cuttings
- One-node culm cuttings
- Branch-marcott culm cuttings
- Branch cuttings
- Tissue Culture
- for non-clump forming bamboo, 1-2 year old culm are potted in polybags, 3-6 months in the nursery
Offset Method
- use of cuttings bearing the buds
and fascicles
Culm cuttings
-one node with 2 internodes used for k. tinik, giant bamboo, bayog and k. kiling
One-node culm cuttings
- Domingo Alfonso
- similar with one node culm-cutting
Branch-marcott culm cuttings
- use of branch with swollen
base and aerial root primodia
Branch cuttings
- callus establishment from shoots
Tissue culture
bamboo is:
-________ material,
- subject to fungal staining or molds, decay brought about by fungi, and powder-post beetle attacks
lignocelullosic
bamboo is:
-lignocelullosic material,
- subject to _____ staining or molds, decay brought about by fungi, and powder-post beetle attacks
fungal
TRADITIONAL METHODS:
- Soaking
- Curing
- Smoking
- Whitewashing
- freshly cut (green) culms are put into stagnant or running water or mud for several weeks.
- Stones or heavy objects are put on the bamboos to keep them submerged
- Bamboo treated by soaking should be thoroughly dried before it is used
SOAKING
Culms that are cut at the bottom are left for some time with some branches and leaves on the clump.
Curing
- The culms are stored above fireplaces inside houses for some time so that the smoke blackens the culm.
- This is thought to produce toxic agents that lead to some resistance in the culms.
SMOKING
✓ used primarily for its ornamental effect more than for its preservative value.
✓ Bamboo culms are painted with slaked lime
WHITEWASHING
CHEMICAL METHODS:
- Fumigation
- Prophylactic Treatment
- Butt Treatment
- Open Tank Treatment
- Hot and Cold Method
- Boucherie Method
_________ with methyl bromide or some other chemical is applied in Japan for insect control.
Fumigation
treatment by brushing and spraying.
Prophylactic Treatment
- the bottom part of a freshly cut bamboo culm with branches and leaves is placed in a barrel containing a preservative.
- The transpiration of the leaves draws with it the solution into the vessels of the culm.
Butt Treatment
- properly sized culms or bamboo slats are soaked in a solution of a water-soluble preservative for several days.
- Split culms can be treated more easily than the round ones because the inner skin is a little more permeable than the outer wall
Open Tank Treatment
the culms are first dipped in a solution of hot preservative then transferred to a container filled with cold preservative or allowed to cool in the original preservative
Hot dipping/ hot and cold method
the preservative is forced by gravity from a container placed higher than the stem or with the use of pneumatic pumps through pipes into the stem base.
boucherie method
Bamboo products are classified as:
a) Primary (poles, shoots and stumps)
b) Secondary or semi-processed (sawali, splits, sticks, boards)
c) Finished products (handicraft,
furniture and ready-to-cook/eat
shoots
- creating Philippine Bamboo Industry Development Council
Executive Order 879 s. 2010
Leads the promotion of country’s Bamboo Industry
Executive Order 879 s. 2010
Bamboo developments projects that direct _______ of desks, furniture and construction needs in public and secondary schools
at least 25%
Philippine Bamboo Industry Development Plan (target ____ ha of bamboo plantation) in 2020
16,000
The Philippines is _____ among the largest exporters of bamboo in the world. The total area of bamboo stands in the Philippines ranges from 39,000-53,000 ha (Climate Change Commission, 2024).
6th
The Philippines is 6th among the largest exporters of bamboo in the world. The total area of bamboo stands in the Philippines ranges from __________- ha (Climate Change Commission, 2024).
39,000-53,000
When bamboo is not harvested correctly, and then left untreated, it is more attractive to _____ and will deteriorate much faster.
borers
Good harvesting practices will enhance the _______—- of the bamboo poles and help retain their strength.
decay resistance
Bamboo possesses large amounts of ___________ which are the principal nutrients for parasites, borers and fungi.
starch (sugars)
Reducing the sugars in the bamboo culm will make it more naturally resistant to ______ organisms.
biodegrading
Harvesting only mature bamboo stems is an important part of proper bamboo plantation management as it will influence the ________________ of the plantation.
sustainable development
Dry season is the period of _______. During this period, the bamboo plant is __________ nutrients for shoot growth in the next rainy season.
dormancy; acquiring and conserving
Thus, starch content is at its _________ the end of dry season!
highest level
Therefore, harvesting bamboo at the end of a dry season increases the chances of ________ attacks.
borer and fungal
During _____, starch content is lower since new shoots are consuming all the nutrients.
rainy season
But moisture content in the bamboo culms is high, which increases the possibility of subsequent _______ and cracking after harvest.
splitting
This is also the period when new shoots emerge and felling operations could damage or _______ the shoots.
destroy
Thus, the most highly recommended time to harvest bamboo is at the __________ season.
end of rainy
Harvest only the ______ poles.
mature
Consider the __________ in harvesting bamboo.
Sugar content
Sugar content in bamboo varies with age. The starch content is _______ during the first year and highest between years 1-3.
lowest
Do not harvest immature bamboo poles because the process of ______ is not yet complete.
lignification
Immature poles are usually mechanically_____ and collapse on drying.
weak
Most species of bamboo are considered mature between ______ years, after which they slowly start to deteriorate
4 and 7
Bamboo gradually changes from the outside, which allows the recognition of 4 very defined stages:
shoots,
young stems,
mature stems and
old stems.
Experienced bamboo harvesters can recognize mature bamboo by the sound produced in the stem when _____ with a stone or the back of a bolo.
struck
Young bamboo (0-2 years) can easily be recognized by the color and the presence of _______,
culm sheaths
while old or over-mature bamboo contain an excessive amount of fungi and lichens on the outer skin and have a ______.
different color
When the color of the bamboo stem changes from clear and shiny green to a gray and dark green color, and the traditional whitish bands at each node have almost disappeared and are replaced by hardly perceptible gray bands, then the bamboo shows clear evidence of its maturity and can be selected for _____ and extraction.
harvest
Also in mature culms, the color of the foliage becomes dark green and shiny than the younger bamboos.
TRUE
When bamboo stems turn completely white or weathered, it is _______ and too old to be used.
over-aged
Referred to as “man-made or manufactured bamboo”
Engineered Bamboo Products
EBP’s are manufactured by ___________ veneers, strand fibers, particles, strips or slats of bamboo with a suitable _________ to form composite material designed to meets specific uses.
binding together; adhesive
