CHAPTER 1: Non-Wood Forest Products vs Non-Timber Forest Products Flashcards
_____________ consist
of goods of biological origin other
than wood, derived from forests,
other wooded land and trees outside forests.
Non-wood forest products
excludes all woody raw materials.
Non-wood forest products
timber, chips, charcoal and
fuelwood, as well as small woods
are excluded.
Non-wood forest products
Synonyms of NWFP:
a. by-products of forests
b. minor forest products,
c. non-timber forest products
d. other forest products
e. secondary forest products
f. special forest products
all biological materials other than
timber, which are extracted from
forests for human use
Non-Timber Forest Products
includes fuelwood and small woods
Non-Timber Forest Products
Land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown
cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10%. The
trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters
at maturity in situ.
Forest
goods that are tangible and physical objects of biological
origin such as plants, animals and their products.
products
Forest services:
a. ecotourism,
b. grazing,
c. bioprospecting
forest benefits:
a. conservation,
b. soil fertility,
c. watershed protection
NWFPs examples:
a. bamboo
b. rattan (split and unsplit)
c. nipa shingles
d. medicinal plants
e. fibrous plants (bast fibers)
f. leaves, fruits and vines
g. animal-based products, like
furs, antlers, etc
Significance of Non-Wood Forest
Products:
a. Household and national economy
b. Food security
c. Environmental objectives
Proposed Categories (Razal & Palijon):
- Sources of fiber and structural materials
- Plants producing medicinal and cosmetic products
- Plants that yield extractive or chemical products
- Sources of essential oils
- Sources of seed oils
- Those providing edible fruits and nuts
- Animal-derived products
Sources of fiber and structural materials:
A. Stractural Materials
B. Fiber
- wood substitute
Structural Materials
cordage & cottage industries, fabric, mats, etc
Fiber
Fiber examples:
a. rattan
b. bamboo
c. other important palms (Buri, Nipa, Anahaw, Ambolong)
d. Forest Vines (Nito, Kilob, Hinggiw)
e. sources of leaf fibers (Pandan, Tikog, Tiger grass)
f. Sources of stem or bast fibers (Bamban, Salago, Malaboho)
g. Climbing aroids - plant sources of root fibers
- Palm family
- 123 indigenous species
- Classified as:
a. Climbing – rattans
b. Erect
ARECACEAE
- Presence of thorns, hairs, and bristles
- Some rattan have cirrus
- Some have flagellum
- Most important forest product after timber
Rattan
– extension of the midrib
Cirrus
- arises from the axil of the leaf sheath.
Flagellum
66 RATTAN SPECIES:
a. 45 Calamus Species
b. 14 Daemonorops Species
c. 5 Korthalsia Species
d. 2 Plectocomia Species
widely used rattan species
CALAMUS SPP.
commercially important rattan
DAEMONOROPS SPP.
OTHER IMPORTANT PALMS:
a. BURI (Corypha elata/utan)
b. NIPA (Nipa fruticans)
c. ANAHAW (Livistona rotundifolia)
d. AMBOLONG (Metroxylon
sagu)
largest palm species in the country
BURI (Corypha elata/utan)
______ is the most important part
of buri.
FROND
Rachis yields _______
buntal fiber
Unopened leaf contains __________
RAFFIA FIBER
used to make shingles for the roofing and walls of
low-cost houses.
NIPA (Nipa fruticans)
Aka palma brava
ANAHAW (Livistona
rotundifolia)
In other countries, _______ is mainly used as source of starch or sago flour extracted from the pith-like center of the trunk
ambolong
- often referred to as “poor man’s timber.”
- World’s tallest grass
Bamboo
- sympodial or clump forming
- tropical areas
Pachymorph
- monopodial or non-clump forming
- Temperate regions
Leptomorph
12 Commercially Important Bamboos:
Anos,
Bayog,
Bolo,
Buho
Giant bamboo,
Kawayan kiling
Kawayan tinik
Kayali,
Laak
Machiku,
Oldham , and
Puser
IMPORTANCE OF BAMBOO:
- easy to grow and profitable
- high demand
- strong material
- easy to work with
- short initial harvest cycle
- strong for its weight
- can grow on all types of soil
FOREST VINES:
a. Nito
b. Kilob
c. Hinggiw
LEAF FIBERS:
a. Pandan
b. Tikog
c. Tiger Grass
more than ____species of pandan in the Philippines
40
- added to rice to enhance the aroma.
Pandan Banguhan (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
STEM / BAST FIBER:
a. Salago
b. Malaboho
- Wikstroemia sp.
- Long & silky fibers
- Strong & durable
- Paper money, bank notes, legal documents
Salago
- Medium strength
- Hat, handbag, lampshade, tying material
Malaboho
- Source of root fiber
- Monocot vines
- Araceae family
CLIMBING AROID
Plants Producing Medicinal & Cosmetic Products:
a. Akapulko
b. Ampalaya
c. Bayabas
d. Tsaang-gubat
e. Lagundi
f. Niog-niogan
g. Gugo
h. Sambong
i. Bangkoro
Plants that Yield Extractive or Chemical Products:
a. Resin
b. Latex
c. Gum
d. Dyes
e. Tannins
- clear to translucent yellow or brown
- solid or semi-solid
- viscous substance
Resin
Resin Products:
Manila elemi
Manila copal
Naval Stores
Balau
Dammar
- Canarium sp.
- Pili (Canarium ovatum)
- Piling-liitan (C. luzonicum)
- Aka brea blanca
- Printing inks, caulking boat, shoe polish
Manila Elemi
- Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis)
- Linoleum, printing ink, shoe polish
Manila Copal
- thick when fresh, hardens to semi-plastic
- illuminant, caulking boats, varnish
- Apitong group
Balau
- Hopea & Shorea sp.
- partially soluble in alcohol
Danmar
- Hopea (Dalingdingan)
- Shorea (Almon, Mayapis, Red Lauan, etc)
Dammar
– natural exudation
Oleorosin
– solid portion
Rosin
– distilled oleorosin
Turpentine
- Pine sp
- B. Pine & M. Pine
- Construction & maintenance of sailing vessels
Naval Stores
- milky white color
- tiny droplets of organic matter suspended in aqueous medium
- Rubber
Latex
- Sticky liquid plant exudent
- Dissolves in water
- Hardens in air, gelatinous when moist
- Adhesive & thickening agent, cosmetics, food preparations
Gum
LATEX/GUM:
a. Rubber
b. Gutta Percha
c. Chicle
- Hevea braziliensis (Rubber trees)
- Making of tire, belts, and other applications of rubber
Rubber
- Palaquium species
- Making of gold balls, surgical equipment, electrical cables
Gutta Percha
- Chico (Manikara zapota)
- Manufacture of chewing gum, medical plasters
Chicle
- natural colorants
- textiles, paints, food, cosmetics
Dyes
There are three important dye species in the country.:
a. Indigo
b. Sapan
c. Turmeric
- water extractable material
- converts animal hide into leather
- astringent taste
- can form colored solutions
Tannins
Sources of Essential Oils:
a. Ylang-ylang
b. Patchouli
c. Vetiver Grass or Moras
d. Aroma
- aromatic, volatile liquids obtained from plant material
ESSENTIAL OIL
The oil is extracted through a physical process from an _______ plant
odoriferous
ESSENTIAL OIL USES:
a. flavoring
b. fragrance
c. cosmetics
“oil of cassie”
Aroma (Acacia farnesiana)
Sources of Seed Oils:
a. Bani
b. Bitaog
c. Hanga or Petroleum Nut
d. Lumbang
e. Talisay
- seeds contain 27%-36% oil by weight
- tanning, soap, liniment, and as illuminating oil
Bani (Pongamia pinnata)
- used for illumination, making soap and varnishes
- Oil is used as remedy for rheumatism, ulcers, and skin diseases.
Bitaog (Calophyllym inophyllum)
______ oil is one of the most effective and known cicatrizing agents in nature
Bitaog
- used as fuel
- fresh nuts are pressed, placed in bamboo tuber, and lighted as a torch that produces sooty flames
- also used to heal wounds and skin diseases
Hanga or Petroleum Nut (Pittosporum resiniferum)
- Good substitute for tung oil
Lumbang (Aleurites moluccana)
______ oils are used on the preparations of paints, varnishes and linoleum, soap manufacture, wood preservation and lighting.
Lumbang
- seeds contain about 50% oil
- known as catappa oil
- quality is comparable to indian almond oil
Talisay (Terminalia catappa)
Plants Providing Edible Fruits & Nuts: (products)
- starch food
- grains
- cereals
- stem
- leaf and flower vegetables
fruit and seed condiments - beverages
Plants Providing Edible Fruits & Nuts: (family)
Palmae
Euphorbiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Moraceae
Rutaceae
Lauraceae
Myrtaceae
Animals & Animal-Derived Products
- crocodiles,
- snakes,
- birds,
- snails,
- monitor lizard,
- monkey,
- turtles,
- butterfly,
- honey bees
