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Animal Tech IV - Pocket Pets > Rats > Flashcards

Rats Flashcards

1
Q

Color of rats that is most common in research

A

Albino

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2
Q

Second most common rats found in research

A

hooded

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3
Q

Like mice, rats are active at night so they are reffered to as

A

nocturnal

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4
Q

Rats enjoy _____ and building nests

A

burrowing

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5
Q

A rat will escape from their cage, but

A

they will always return to it

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6
Q

A good source of enrichment and also helps prevent malocclusions of teeth

A

Wooden blocks

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7
Q

A rat tail’s 2 functions:

A
  1. Thermoregulation

2. Balance

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8
Q

Their tails are as long as __% of their bodies

A

85

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9
Q

These can be confused with the salivary glands or lymph nodes, but it is where glycogen is stored to provide 10x more energy

A

Brown fat

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10
Q

2 parts of a rat’s stomach

A
  1. glandular

2. aglandular

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11
Q

This doesn’t allow a rat to vomit

A

limiting ridge

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12
Q

Rats lack a _______ in their abdomen

A

gallbladder

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13
Q

This structure of the rat’s GI tract is highly developed and has rumen-like functions

A

cecum

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14
Q

Mammary tumors in rats are usually

A

benign

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15
Q

Large pigmented horseshoe-shaped lacrimal glands behind the eye that secrete tears with high concentrations of porphyrin

A

Harderian glands

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16
Q

How many mammary glands do rats have?

A

6 PAIRS (12 total)

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17
Q

The predominate WBCs in rats

A

lymphocytes

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18
Q

Male rats have higher ___________ and ___________ counts than females

A

granulocytes, lymphocytes

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19
Q

Rats have produce highly concentrated urine, so the ___________ are elevated and cages should be cleaned frequently to avoid respiratory illness or renal and liver failure

A

ammonia

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20
Q

A rat’s diet should contain __-__% protein and _% fat

A

20-25%, 4%

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21
Q

This type of diet is preferred over seed mixtures

A

pelleted

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22
Q

Rats tend to become ______ when fed ad lib

A

obese

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23
Q

These are good to give as snacks to pet rats occasionally

A

fruit, veggies, or seeds

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24
Q

To recycle Vitamin B, rats perform

A

coprophagy

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25
Q

Average life span of a rat

A

2.5-3 yrs

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26
Q

Normal Temp of a rat

A

99.5-100.6

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27
Q

Normal HR of a rat

A

250-450 BPM

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28
Q

Normal RR of a rat

A

70-115 RPMS

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29
Q

Average gestation of a rat

A

21-23 days

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30
Q

Average litter size of rats

A

6-12 pups

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31
Q

Housing temperature for rats should be kept at

A

18-26 CELSIUS

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32
Q

Rats should have _ hrs of light and __ hrs of dark

A

12:12

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33
Q

Average humidity the environment should be at

A

30-70%

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34
Q

Average number of air exchanges

A

10-15/hr

35
Q

Ecological classes are similar to

A

mice

36
Q

Ecological class typically used in research

A

Specific pathogen free

37
Q

For an inbred strain, they should be bred for __ generations

A

20

38
Q

Inbred strain that spontaneously develop diabetes

A

BB

39
Q

Inbred strain that develop diabetes insipidus

A

Brattleboro

40
Q

Mutant strain that lack a thymus, therefore lack T cells and B cells can’t be activated
Need special sterile environments

A

Nude

41
Q

These mutant strain rats naturally become overweight and spontaneously develop type 2 diabetes

A

ZDF

42
Q

ZDF

A

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat

43
Q

These mutant strain of rats lack an entire acquired immune system and are used in immune system studies
Need special housing

A

SCID

44
Q

SCID

A

Severe Compromised Immunodeficiency Dz rats

45
Q

Best way to sex a rat

A

anogenital distance

46
Q

Have a longer anogenital distance

A

Males

47
Q

Female rats’ estrus cycle is

A

polyestrous

48
Q

This effect is less pronounced in rats

A

Whitten

49
Q

This effect does not affect rats

A

Bruce

50
Q

This effect does happen with rats

A

Lee Boot

51
Q

Postpartum estrous starts

A

48 hrs after birth

52
Q

Average weaning age of rats

A

19-23 days

53
Q

This is common in female and male rats to reduce the effect of infant mortality due to males eating the babies

A

Polygamy

54
Q

You should not pick rats up by their

A

tails

55
Q

Most common site for venipuncture

A

Tail vein

56
Q

No more than this much blood should be drawn every 2-3 weeks

A

10-15%

57
Q

Total blood volume =

A

0.07 x wt. in grams

58
Q

Medications are usually given most often

A

in water or feed

59
Q

For a SQ injection, you should use this size needle

A

23-25 g

60
Q

This type of injection should only be given when absolutely necessary because it is painful

A

IM

61
Q

IP injections should be given in the

A

lower, right side abdominal quadrants

62
Q

This is not required before anesthesia because rats have a high metabolism and can’t vomit

A

Fasting

63
Q

Drug combo used for anesthesia

A

Ketamine/xylazine

64
Q

When under anesthesia, rats _____ should be kept lubricated

A

eyes

65
Q

Max dose for an IP injection

A

2.0 mL/100g

66
Q

Max dose for a SQ injection

A

2.0 mL/100g

67
Q

Max dose for an IM injection

A

0.3/site /mL/100g

68
Q

Max dose for an IV injection

A

0.5 mL/100g

69
Q

Max dose for PO

A

2.0mL/100g

70
Q

PO dosing should not exceed

A

5mLs

71
Q

3 main analgesics used for rats

A
  1. Butorphanol
  2. Buprenephrine
  3. Metacam
72
Q

Caused by 3 serovars
Highly contagious
Wide range of symptoms (tremors, jaundice, ataxia, stunted growth, and oily coats)however, adult rats can be asymptomatic
Virus is shed in bodily fluids

A

Parvovirus

73
Q

Causes sialodacryoadentitis

C/S: swelling of lymph nodes and bulging eyes from the swelling of harderian glands

A

Coronavirus

74
Q

Rats recover from sialodacryoadentitis in about

A

1 week

75
Q

Caused by the parainfluenza virus type 1
Dz depends on the host’s immune status
C/S: respiratory signs, weight loss, chattering

A

Sendai Virus

76
Q

Most common dz in rats
C/S: respiratory and genital infx
Highly contagious

A

Mycoplasmosis

77
Q

These are common in rats and are large but rarely metastasize

A

Mammary tumors

78
Q

Parasites seen in rats

A

Pinworms and mites

79
Q

Causes constriction of the tail and happens when there is less than 20% humidity in their environment

A

Ring tail

80
Q

Overgrown incisors that can be fixed with nail clippers

A

Malocclusions

81
Q

Incisors are open-rooted or AKA

A

hypsodontic

82
Q

In a clinical setting, pet rats are euthanized with

A

Overdose of KCl

83
Q

In a research setting, rats are euthanized with

A

Overdose of CO2

Animal Tech IV - Pocket Pets (8 decks)

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