Introduction to Lab Medicine Flashcards
A field of science devoted to the production, care, and study of lab animals used in biomedical research and education
Lab Animal Science
The first person to experiment on living animals
Aristotle
Developed the germ theory by introducing anthrax to sheep
Louis Pasteur
The theory that microorganisms cause disease
Germ Theory
90-95% of research animals
Mice and rats
Used dogs to describe classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Developed the polio vaccine using rhesus macaques
Jonas Salk
The first mammal successfully cloned from adult cells
Dolly the sheep
The primary species of fish used in research
Zebra fish
Used for flu research
ferrets
Large company that breeds animals for research
Charles River
Company that produces rodents for research
JAX
Company that produces NHPs for research (Non-human primates)
Alphagenesis
Goats and sheep are primarily used in research for
cardio research
Used with emetic research
shrews
Found in horseshoe crab blood as opposed to HgB
hemocyanin
The American Veterinarian Medical Association
AVMA
American Association for Lab Science
Certifies at 3 levels
AALAS
A book published by the Institute of Lab Animal Resources
The Guide for the Care and Use of Lab Animals
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Consists of a vet, an outside member, a practicing scientist, and a member with no scientific background
Announced inspections 2x a year
Reviews and okays protocols
IACUC
How long are protocols good for?
3 years
Written document that explains the use of animals, how many, and why they are needed
protocols
United States Department of Agriculture
Does unannounced inspections of facilities once a year
Looks at record keeping, ID of animals, and procedures completed
USDA
Associations for Assessment and Accreditation of Lab Animals Care
Private, nonprofit organization
Promotes humane treatment of animals in science through VOLUNTARY accreditation and assessment programs
Commited to responsible animal care and use
Inspections every 3 years
AAALAC
Mandated by the USDA
Protects non-farm animals
Animal Welfare Act
3 certification classifications for AALAS
- ALAT
- LAT
- LATG
The 3 R’s
- Replacement
- Reduction
- Refinement
The 3 R’s were developed by
Russell and Burch
Consist of a combination of lab practices and techniques, safety equipment, and lab facilities
Each combo is specific to the operations performed
Biosafety Levels
This BSL is not known to consistently cause dz in immunocompetent adults
Ex: E. coli
BSL 1
This BSL is associated with human disease.
Hazardous: percutaneous, MM exposure, and ingestion
Ex: Hepatitis and HIV
BSL 2
This BSL is associated with indigenous or exotic agents with potential for aerosol transmission
Dz has serious or lethal consequence
Must have PPE on at all times, and there should be a negative pressure airflow through the lab
Double door access
Ex: tuberculosis
BSL 3
This BSL consists of dangerous/exotic agents which pose high risk of life-threatening dz
Clothing must be changed before entering and you must shower upon exit
Should be in a seperate building or isolated zone and have it’s own dedicated supply/exhaust, vacuum, and decon system
Ex: Ebola virus
BSL 4
