rationalisation Flashcards
what is rationalisation
this is where multiple games were combined to make one activity with a set of rules (melting pot). it presented an idea that popular recreation would develop into modern sports because of this
what is codification
it refers to the writing and recording of a set of rules
what is the industrial revolution
it was a period in time of britain in the 1700s to the early 1900s. during this time people moved from rural areas to towns and communities developed around factories. There was also improvements in advanced technology so the gentry started to produce goods so that they could be sold around the world.
define urbanisation
the large scale movement from lower class people from rural villages to factory towns in search of employment
impacts of the industrial revolution
- factory teams were developed as factory owners realised the impact sport had on their workers as they helped spectate, so factory workers were a lot happier.
-broken time payment- factory owners paid workers to play sport when they weren’t working
-there were designated areas to play sports - there was a decrease in farming
-mob games decreased
-laws came in and a 10 hr work act was put into place so the working class could have an increased amount of time outside of working. - there was increases of pay which led to another class being introduced (middle class)
-transport developed meaning people could travel further distances to watch them play.
what was the working conditions like in the beginning
they were very poor for the lower classes with long shifts and limitted free time. in the 20th century there was a gradual increase in the amount of free time as legislations brought in the 10 hour work act
what did factory owners begin to realise
they realised the impact sport had on workers as increasing levels of fitness meant more productive workers and happier workers meant more people were likely to stay working at the factories
what was the role of the church
it played a key role in popular recreations and rationalised modern sports. they were all played on holy days and it got linked to churches as it was where people would meet and socialise (it was seen as a patronage to a lot of people). there was a lot of drinking and violence but the church helped it be more civilised.
what influenced the rationalisation of sports
- the poor working conditions of the factories were rising.
- the conditions were seen to be harsh , limit of free time and cruelness shone.
-this brought in a legislation of a 10 hour work act meaning there would be an increased amount of time for the working class. - a lot of urbanisation was appearing meaning there would be a lack of space for mob games to appear causing a decrease.
-this then meant spectation would take place involving the building of stadiums where activitiies and games occured. - schools brought in a huge impact especially stage 1 of boy culture which reviewed boys from different areas of the world merging sports together using the method of a melting pot.
- education and transport was reviewed leading to populising rationalisation.
-improvements of the transport system was made meaning a wider network could travel and watch and educaiton was requirred as rules fell in to place.
in schools what were the stages of development
- boy culture
- enlightened headmasters
- cult of athleticism
what is stage 1 boy culture
this was where schools brought together boys who were sons of the gentry from different areas. schools became a melting pot for different games e.g. eton wall game and fives and they were adapted to standardised games being unique. they were also adapted to facilities and architecture. boys had free time and would play games and due to the lack of teacher involvement and limitted supervision which meant drinking and gambling surrounded sports where brutality and bullying were a norm it was very chaotic.
gentry hooligans- violence was very common reflecting the hoolian culture (fagging) bullying
what is stage 2 enlighted headmasters
this was under the Arnoldian influence due from the work of Thomas Arnold who was the headmaster of a rugby school 1828-1842
this reform at the school aimed to improve boys behaviour where sport was used to promote a code of ethics and build upon moral and educational values
sport was used as a social control, it was civilised where games were more fromal with written rules bringing game afternoons and inter house competitions in
benefits of it was to change the morals of the pupils, reduce bullying and promote Christian values through physical activity
friendlier relationships were formed and older boys were starting to be seen as role models
what is stage 3 cult of athletisicm
this was the final stage where sport became more organised. boys from the public schools attended universities such as oxford and Cambridge where there games were took with them and their melting pot was still used.
a set of rules emerged and rational sport developed. as the students graduated they took their sports with them into industries such as the church and the teachers were more enthusiastic and got involved in coaching younger pupils .
headmasters supported sport making games compulsory changing the patterns of the school day and they became an obsession and were involved in festivals.
the clarendon report got involved where it reviewed education in public schools e.g. loyalty, teamwork and leadership. and the government said other schools needed to develop these qualities.
Negatives of NGB
- it is very archaic (old)
- there is a corruption of drugs
- there is exploitation of the media
- cheating is very commmon
- very institutionalised
Positives of NGB
- there is increased national importance of sporting success as viewed by government
- there is a rise in sport and status
- the use of media resources to promote
- it has been able to evolve in light of societal changes
