Rational use of NSAIDs in farm/equine practice Flashcards
When should we use NSAIDs?
anti-inflammatory: reduce infl./oedema
analgesia: pain relief
anti-pyrexic: reduce body temp
anti-endotoxic: reduce effects of endotoxic shock
What are the main things to consider when selecting medication in farm/equine patients?
is it safe to use in this case?
who does it need to be safe for?
will it work and how will i know if it will work?
is it legal to use in this case and how do i know i am using it legally?
What is the essential substance list for horses?
list of substances considered essential for the tx of equidae that may be used in food horses legally
can only be used with a withdrawal period of six months
to use any drugs not on the list, horse must be signed off the food chain and declaration on passport signed
What are the main licensed conditions we can use NSAIDs for in FA?
mastitis
resp dz
lameness
disbudding
scours over 7 days old
in cows and pigs
everything else is under the cascade
What is the licensed NSAID for lameness in cattle?
Ketoprofen
safe to use in pregnant cows
also licensed for respiratory, mastitis and post calving paresis
What is the licensed NSAID for lameness in pigs?
Meloxicam
safe to use in pregnant sows
also licensed for MMA
What are the licensed NSAIDs in cattle and which are safe to use in pregnant cows?
- meloxicam: safe
- ketoprofen: safe
- carprofen: not safe
- flunixin: safe
What are the licensed NSAIDs in pigs and which are safe to use in pregnant sows?
- meloxicam: safe
- ketoprofen: not safe
- flunixin: not safe
Under the cascade, what is a good choice of NSAIDs for sheep, goats, and camelids?
(step 3 of prescribing cascade)
meloxicam!
licensed for sheep in NZ, Aus, CA
can also use others under cascade
ALWAYS check resources for doses
When should we not use NSAIDs in FA?
at same time as other NSAIDs
at same time as steroids
unaddressed dehydration!!
abomasal ulceration
renal failure
liver disease
What are the licensed conditions to use NSAIDs in equines?
musculoskeletal: lameness, improve mobility
colic
horses, donkeys, zebras, ponies, unicorns have licensed ones but doses differ!!
What are the licensed injectable NSAIDs for horses?
meloxicam
ketoprofen
phenylbutazone
flunixin
none licensed for pregnant animals
all need to be signed off food chain
What are the licensed oral NSAIDs for horses?
meloxicam
phenylbutazone
flunixin
suxibuzone
firocoxib
none licensed for pregnant animals
all need to be signed off food chain
When should we not use NSAIDs in equine?
renal failure
liver disease
unaddressed dehydration!!
blood/bleeding disorders
during pregnancy
with other NSAIDs
with steroids
What are the benefits of corticosteroid use in LA?
induce parturition or abortion
tx anaphylaxis
immunosuppression
anti-infl.
anti-pyrexic
What are the risks of corticosteroid use in LA?
concurrent use with other steroids or NSAIDs
infection/immunosuppression
bleeding disorders
renal and hepatic failure
abortion if pregnant
laminitis
What is the biggest risk to horses using corticosteroids?
laminitis
any horse can be affected but higher odds with overweight, elderly of Hx of laminitis
need informed consent from owner
use on risk/benefit analysis
What steroid causes least and most risk of laminitis to horses?
least: oral prednisolone
most: dexamethasone
When should we use corticosteroids in FA?
induce parturition/abortion
tx allergic reactions
anti-infl. if non-responsive to NSAIDs
tx primary ketosis if non-responsive to oral glycerol
When should we use corticosteroids in equine?
muskuloskeletal
immunosuppression - autoimmune disorders
tx allergic reactions
anti-inflammatory
Which species are licensed to use corticosteroids?
cattle
pigs
horses and other equidae
Which corticosteroids are licensed in which species?
dexamethasone injection: cattle, pigs, horses
oral/topical prednisolone: horses
methylprednisolone injection: horses
What is important to know about use of NSAIDs in performance animals?
withdrawal times (deletion times)
NSAIDs not permitted under rules of racing, need to be discontinued x amount of time before competitions
is it a banned substance?
