Rational Recreation and Globalised Sport (Unit 2) Flashcards
Post industrial sport development, Association football, Lawn tennis, Athletics, Wenlock Olympian games, Industrial revolution, urbanisation, transport and communication, British Empire, Provision through factories, Churches and local authorities, Three tier working class system, Development of national bodies and characteristics of sport, Changing roles of women, Status of professionals and amateur performers.
How did Urbanisation develop Football?
Population increase
Large numbers of people in one place= captive audience, purpose built facilities with space for spectators.
How did increased Leisure Time develop Football?
Workers= less time in factories so more time to watch and play games. Saturday half-days were introduced so their was earlier kick off times and increased skill level as more time to train
How did increased Organisation develop Football?
Highly structured and standardised, Football Association (FA), Ex public school boys created NGB’s, controlled more by codification
How did increased Income develop Football?
Improved standard of living = higher wages
Working class afford transport tickets
How did increased Transport develop Football?
Fans could travel to away games and organised leagues and competitions were set up so teams could play nationally.
How did increased Professionalism develop Football?
Broken time payments= workers get time off work to play football but still pay wages. Paid to play football and given a chance to escape factory life
How did a Social Class Link develop Football?
Middle Class gained approval in society and were therefore given more respectability and a higher morality and sporting etiquette
Commercialisation started being used so the Middle Class could gain a financial profit from the sports
What was Football like in the Early 20th Century?
Football was a mass entertainment industry, the BBC showed live coverage of events starting in 1927
Football became Britain’s major sporting activity with high spectator numbers but really low wages. In 1900, the maximum wage was £4 a week and players threatened a strike by the PFA
What was Football like in the Late 20th Century?
Increased media coverage caused role models to emerge the Bosman Ruling 1995 allowed footballers to transfer for free at the end of their contract
This significantly increased salaries, transport improved and became quicker and cheaper
What were some Characteristics of Lawn Tennis?
-Both genders played
-Civilised clothing
-Outside in gardens of nobility
-Regulated court size
-Standardised rules
-Hedges for privacy
-Specialist equipment
How did Lawn Tennis develop?
-Wimbledon created in 1877
-Females played in 1884 overcoming female stereotypes
-Tournaments played in USA, France, Australia and Wimbledon (4 majors)
-Professionals couldn’t go to tournaments till 1968
-Billie Jean King and WTA fought for equal winnings pay in 1968 and achieved it in 2007
-The WTA caused lots of role models, sponsorship deals and media coverage to emerge
How did Women become more emersed in Sport?
-The War effort showed women capabilities previously shown as more capable, stereotypes broken down as well as giving them the chance to participate in sports and jobs
-Sex Discrimination Act 1975
-Role models created
-In general woman’s sport became more televised and watched
-Protests and marches (Suffragettes)
How has Women in Sport been shown?
-BT shows live coverage of Women’s Super League
-Performers, officials and coaches have become role models
-National Curriculum in PE and extracurricular opportunities for women introduced
-NGB’s encouraged the support of women’s football like the FA and Euros cups
-More clubs for females, locally and professionally
-More time off home duties with shared domestic responsibilities
What was Athletics in Pre-Industrialised Society?
Purpose built facilities and tracks built in major cities, races and walking took place over set distances
High number of spectators 25,000 and a class division between professionals and amateurs
What was Women Inclusion like in Athletics
Treatment of women remained indifferent until the 20th century. Track and field was deemed unladylike and were unable to follow dress code. Females only allowed in the Amsterdam Olympics in 1928
