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PE Society > Emergence of Globalisation of Sport in the 21st Century (Unit 3) > Flashcards

Emergence of Globalisation of Sport in the 21st Century (Unit 3) Flashcards

Society, Equal opportunities, Discrimination, Stereotyping and prejudice, Socialisation, Social processes, Social issues, Social stratification, Social action theory, Barriers to participation, Health and fitness and mental befits of sport, Interrelationship between Sport England Local and National partners.

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Golden Triangle?

A

The interrelationship of Media, Business and Sport on each other financially

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2
Q

What is Commercialisation?

A

Using Sport as a Business to make a Financial Profit

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3
Q

What is Sponsorship?

A

When a company pays for their products to be publicly displayed or advertised

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4
Q

What is Merchandising?

A

The brand from one product used to sell another

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5
Q

What is the Effect of the Golden Triangle on High Profile Sports?

A

-Professional quality improves
-More sponsorship and business
-Mass entertainment industry
-Contracts improve sales of merchandise and TV rights
-Athletes are used as role models and endorsement
-More widespread media coverage

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6
Q

What is the Effect of the Golden Triangle on Performers?

A

-Wealth increase depending on successfulness
-Increased status
-Get merchandise
-More news coverage
-Potential tarnish of career if sponsored company is corrupt
-High pressure on performances
-Disrupted training time
-More likely to cheat
-Controlled by sponsors

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7
Q

Why do Companies Invest large amounts of Money into Sports?

A

-Positive role models link their health and fitness to the brand of a company making it appear better
-Increase in publicity, increase in profit
-Corporate hospitality
-Sponsorship can decrease tax paid by the company
-Company morale, employees fell linked to the success of the sport
-Sport is distributed across the globe so global viewing of sponsorship

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8
Q

What are the Impacts of Social Media on Sport and Performers?

A

-Creates role models
-Increases popularity of sport
-Invades private lives of performers
-Worldwide Fanbase
-Freedom of speech for athletes is limited due to multiple representations
-increase pressure of criticism
-Promotes relationship with fans and players
-Many clubs now provide media training

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9
Q

Society?

A

An organised group of people associated for a specific purpose or with a shared common interest

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10
Q

Socialisation?

A

A lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take place in that society

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11
Q

Primary Socialisation?

A

Occurs during the early years of childhood which takes place within the immediate family

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12
Q

Secondary Socialisation?

A

Occurs during the later years through school, friends and peers

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13
Q

Gender Socialisation?

A

Learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation

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14
Q

Internalisation?

A

The learning of values or attitudes that are interpreted within yourself. This occurs in the primary stage

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15
Q

Social Control?

A

A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems

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16
Q

Social Control Impact on Sport?

A

-Fans of sport may buy gear that an athlete they admire uses

-Sports teams might feel inclined to be sponsored by well known brands to increase media coverage

-Friends encourage you to join their sport

-Different classes are tailored towards different sports

-Area where you live may affect opportunities for sport

-Introverts more likely to play single sport games, Extroverts more likely to play team sport games

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17
Q

Social Change?

A

Significant changes in social behaviors and/or cultures values

An alteration in the social order of society

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18
Q

Social Stratification?

A

A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basics of social characteristics, such as wealth, health and status

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19
Q

Where are places where Social Stratification takes place?

A

Sports Clubs- Working Class have domestic commitments so will have less time to go and play/train at clubs and will less likely have money for weekly memberships

Schools- Low income families may have poorer health therefore are less fit to play sports and spend disposable income on new gear every year for their children

20
Q

What is the Social Action Theory?

A

A way of viewing socialisation, sport is developed through social media/ networks and relationships of people with similar views

21
Q

What are the Physical Benefits of Exercise?

A

-Decreased heart disease possibility
-Reduced chance of strokes
-Decreased chance of Type II diabetes
-Reduced high blood pressure
-Decreased back pain
-Decreased chance of some cancers
-Improved posture

22
Q

What are the Fitness Benefits of Exercise?

A

Improvement of all components of fitness

23
Q

What are the Mental Benefits of Exercise?

A

-Released serotonin
-Socialize more
-Reduced stress
-Improved confidence
-Reduced depression and anxiety
-Improved sleep
-Improved mood
-Develop relationships
-Improved communication skills

24
Q

What are the Health Benefits of Exercise on Society?

A

Helps to reduce strain on NHS, less people are remaining at home ill, improved socialization

25
Q

What are the Social Benefits of Exercise to Society?

A

Helps voice problems within communities, diversifies cultures and connects people together

26
Q

What are the Crime Benefits of Exercise?

A

Safter communities, reduced stress on police, less petty crimes

27
Q

What are the Employment Benefits of Exercise?

A

More productive workplaces, more connected offices, positive workplace manner

28
Q

What are the Economic Benefits of Exercise?

A

More money is put into the economy as more people are working and available to pay tax, people can go on leisure spends

29
Q

What are the Barriers to Everyday Exercise?

A

-Lack of time
-Negative Social Influence
-Lack of motivation
-Lack of skill
-Cost
-Family

30
Q

What are the Solutions to Everyday Exercise?

A

Time- Cycle, walk, run to work everyday

Negative Social Influence- Make new friends, join a group

Lack of motivation- Listen to music, meet a friend, set targets

Lack of skill- Continually train to improve technique

Cost- buy second hand equipment

Family- Share responsibilities between adults

31
Q

Discrimination?

A

The unfair treatment of a person to make a distinction and act on a prejudice

32
Q

Prejudice?

A

To form an unfavorable opinion on an individual based on inadequate facts

33
Q

Stereotyping?

A

A standardised image, making a simple generalization about all members of a group which allows others to categorize and treat them accordingly

34
Q

Equal Opportunities?

A

The right to access the same opportunities, regardless of factors such as race, age, mental or physical capabilities

35
Q

Racism?

A

A set of beliefs or ideas based on the instinct that races have hereditary characteristics that give some races superiority over others; many lead to physical or verbal abuse

36
Q

Stacking?

A

The disproportionate number of ethnic minorities in certain positions on sports teams , which tends to be based on a stereotype they are more valuable for

37
Q

Channeling?

A

Ethnic minorities are pushed into certain sports based on stereotyping assumptions about them

38
Q

What are the Barriers to Ethnic Sport Participation?

A

-Conflict with religious ideas
-Value placed on education rather than sport
-Fear of racism
-Few role models
-Language barriers
-Stereotyping and Channeling
-Fear of rejection/ low self esteem

39
Q

What are the Solutions to Ethnic Sport Participation?

A

-Campaigns against racism
-Punishing/ publicizing any racist abuse
-Training more ethnic coaches/ officials
-Ensure PE programmes adhere to ethnic preference
-Encourage overcoming stereotypes

40
Q

Gender Stereotyping?

A

Deny women the opportunities to choose what sport they wish to partake in based on assumptions surrounding their characteristics

41
Q

Sexism?

A

The belief that one sex is inferior to the other, typically women

42
Q

What are the Barriers to Women Sport Participation?

A

-Body image issues
-Stereotyping
-Low media coverage
-Lack of role models
-Pressure to be thin as opposed to being healthy
-Few sponsorship opportunities to become full time players
-Negative impact on PE programmes
-Time restraints
-Lack of disposable income
-Channeling
-Fewer leagues and competitions

43
Q

What are the Solutions to Women Sport Participation?

A

-Sex discrimination act
-Encourage social acceptance for women in sport
-Encourage shared domestic responsibilities
-Increase sponsorship= more disposable income
-More available sports
-Specialist organizations dedicated to women involvement

44
Q

What are the Barriers to Disabled Sport Participation?

A

-Lack of teams
-Lack of facilities + accessibility
-Lack of transport to games
-Lack of local teams
-Expensive equipment
-Psychological barriers- low self esteem
-Overt discrimination, covert discrimination
-Low income
-Lack of specialist coaching
-Stereotyping about capabilities

45
Q

What are the Solutions to Disabled Sport Participation?

A

-Make sports more affordable
-Providing transport to facilities
-Improving access to facilities
-Role models promoting disabled
-Mixed teams
-Segregate disabled into own leagues
-Create specialist organizations

46
Q

How does Sport England help Locally?

A

Sport England aims to make sport accessible to all regions. They invest in 49 Country Sport Partnerships to meet local needs. Country Sport Partnerships work with local authorities, NGBs, sports clubs and schools to increase sport participation. The design and implement schemes to initiate a locations specific needs

PE Society (3 decks)

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