Pre-Industrialised and Rationalised Sport in Britain (Unit 1)

Question 1

What was society like in Pre-Industrialised Britain

Answer 1

Low population, mostly rural communities and little cities

Violent natured people similar to everyday life

Limited transportation and communication systems

Low living standards and life expectancy

Large range of illiteracy and harsh standards for the majority

Question 2

When was Mob Football played

Answer 2

Typically, due to lack of free time locals would play on holy days, memorial days or on festival days

Question 3

Why were there limited rules in Mob Football

Answer 3

There was illiteracy throughout the country meaning rules had to be simple and limited to stop confusion between teams. Also, rules were usually only relevant to local towns as there wasn’t any universal rules

Question 4

Why was Mob Football played rurally in villages

Answer 4

There was a lack of transport between villages so teams couldn’t travel to verse other teams from other areas. Equally there was no communication between villages so there was no league in any areas. They would use the grassland available to play in and use an inflated pig’s bladder as a ball

Question 5

Why was Real Tennis not available to everyone

Answer 5

It was designed with high tech equipment which was costly to afford on an agricultural wage so only nobles and gentry could really afford the pay to play

Question 6

Why also couldn’t land workers play real tennis

Answer 6

Land workers had to be constantly tending to there their fields so had barely any free time to do recreational sports unlike the and gentry who were free majority of the time

Question 7

What was pedestrianism

Answer 7

This was the sport of professional walking done typically by noble messengers and funded by nobles through waging

Question 8

How did you win pedestrianism

Answer 8

Pedestrianism would consist of multiple messengers racing via waking long distances to an end point, it was played rurally due to the vast open fields that were ideal for the setup of the sport

Question 9

How did Mob Football link to society

Answer 9

Illiteracy meant the lack of rules helped those who couldn’t read or write allowing for less confusion for players, limited transport meant that tams from different villages couldn’t travel to play against one another

Question 10

How did Pedestrianism link society

Answer 10

Rural communities housed lots of open land that the sport could be played on, it also allowed for a second income from players as they would be bet on to win

Question 11

How did Real Tennis link to society

Answer 11

Only upper class could play due to the feudal system, wasn’t available outside of wealthy areas due to high tech equipment needed to play

Question 12

How did the Industrial Revolution affect sport in society?

Answer 12

It occurred during the mid eighteenth century and it changed Britain’s feudal system and rural society to an industrialised machine based society.

It became controlled by the Middle Class and was a capitalist society with more people living in urban areas

Question 13

What is HITFOR and how did it affect sport?

Answer 13

Health- Poor health and sanitation led to lack of energy for players and constant disease so people couldn’t participate

Income- Lack of income due to class division meant participants couldn’t pay for equipment or facilities

Time- Lack of play time meant people didn’t have enough energy to play sports in limited rest periods

Facilities- No facilities to train or play in

Overcrowding- No space for facilities to play in and too many people wanting to play

Rights- Loss of rights meant bans for sports such as Mob Football resulting in less participation

Question 14

What is HIT MI CAT and how did it affect society?

Answer 14

Health- Hygiene and health improved so there was more participants with more energy

Industrial Patronage- Opportunities given by the middle class to their workers allowing them to play sports and factory teams were created

Time- More free time was give to the workers allowing them to have more energy and time to playa and train

Middle Class- More equality in sport meant that higher tech was easier to access and broken time payments were given to workers as the middle class was sympathetic

Influence of Ex School Boys- Encouragement by school boys would allow the spreading of different sports between towns and different rules to be created, the Church also made new teams

Communication- New inventions like the printing press meant sports could have some universal rules and be spread via newspaper

Athleticism- Physical Endeavour and Moral Integrity

Transport- Teams from each town or factory could now play each other, leagues were formed and fixtures created

Question 15

How was Sport spread through the British Empire?

Answer 15

Officers- Sport within the armed services and spread sport throughout the empire

Clergy- Developed church teams and became missionaries in taking sport and spreading it abroad

Diplomats- Would take native sport and its rules and spread to other countries

Teachers- They developed tactics and rules and would teach these in classrooms whilst teaching traditional values in schools throughout the country

Question 16

What was the Municipal Reform Act?

Answer 16

Development of Public Baths to improve health of towns, swimming developed through this. Built 1st and 2nd class facilities. Kept the working class away from drinking and violence

Question 17

Characteristics of Rational Sport?

Answer 17

Respectability- people would play more dignified and respectable to one another creating an etiquette for the sports

Regularly Played- people had more time to play and watch games, more teams were made and areas were built for facilities

Codification- More universal rules created so the game became more civilised and officials were more common

Facilities- More area to play and better standard of sport as players trained and improved

Skills and tactics- more improved tactics through practice on training areas

Question 18

How was sport spread by Ex Public School Boys?

Answer 18

They would return home from school and spread the different sports, tactics and rules they played. This would codify some sports for towns.

Question 19

What were the NGB’s?

Answer 19

Non-Governing Bodies made by Ex Public School Boys became more poplar, international teams were formed their own fixtures. They created an amateur ideal
where professionals and amateurs would play separately. National rules were introduced.

Question 20

Who were the Ex Public School Boys?

Answer 20

Upper classes only, expensive boarding schools. Early 1850 sport was encouraged in order to control the boys in their free time called the Fagging System.

The House System would play games between houses and would form ‘Muscular Christianity’ this was the ideal to have a healthy body and mind in order to serve god.

Question 21

Who were the amateurs of the time?

Answer 21

Typically the wealthy gentry who would play the sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.

Question 22

Who were the professionals of the time?

Answer 22

Typically the working class who played the sport as a means of financial game and second income aside from the factory work.

Question 23

What were the amateur positives?

Answer 23

The elite sports were run and dictated by the upper and middle class with high status.

There was a code of amateurism, playing to certain set of rules.

Adhered to the code of ethics

Not winning, enjoyed just playing the sport

The all rounder, competing in a variety of sports

New middle class admired the cultural values of the upper class, known as the gentleman amateur

Question 24

What were the professional positives?

Answer 24

Broken time payments emerged, working class could be payed to play, factories would employ worker with the best sport skill.

Standards of performance increased, due to winning being important

Could earn from factory work and sport work